{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T12:24:49Z","timestamp":1787574289366,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"2025 AO\/OF Research Grant Best Basic Science Grant"},{"name":"China Foundation for Oral Disease Prevention and Treatment","award":["COHFZZZX202404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COHFZZZX202404"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Fund","award":["B2025238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2025238"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Peri-implantitis is characterized by progressive tissue destruction accompanied by dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses. This study evaluated whether systemic treatment with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) could attenuate experimental peri-implantitis and alter inflammatory markers associated with macrophage- and T-cell-mediated responses in a rat model. Experimental peri-implantitis was induced in Sprague\u2013Dawley rats by Porphyromonas gingivalis-inoculated silk ligation around the implant neck. After disease induction, animals received intraperitoneal injections of 2-DG or normal saline for six weeks while ligature-associated challenge was maintained. Peri-implant tissues were assessed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). 2-DG treatment significantly reduced peri-implant bone resorption and was associated with less pronounced bone-resorptive morphology. RT-qPCR showed lower expression of M1-associated genes (CD86, iNOS, TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, and IL-18) and the Th17-associated genes IL-17 and ROR\u03b3T, whereas IL-21, M2-associated genes, and the Treg-associated gene FOXP3 were not significantly changed. IHC showed qualitative trends toward lower iNOS- and IL-17-positive signals. These findings provide proof-of-concept evidence that 2-DG treatment reduces peri-implant bone loss and is associated with attenuated inflammatory changes and lower expression of M1- and Th17-associated inflammatory markers in experimental peri-implantitis. This study supports further investigation of 2-DG as a potential immunometabolic adjunct for peri-implantitis management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27177513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T11:47:19Z","timestamp":1787572039000},"page":"7513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Targeting Glycolysis May Bridge Innate and Adaptive Immune Regulation in Experimental Peri-Implantitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9684-052X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shudan","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Research Center for Dental and Cranial Rehabilitation and Material Engineering, Guangzhou 510055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingchen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Research Center for Dental and Cranial Rehabilitation and Material Engineering, Guangzhou 510055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feiyang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Research Center for Dental and Cranial Rehabilitation and Material Engineering, Guangzhou 510055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0154-220X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoucheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Research Center for Dental and Cranial Rehabilitation and Material Engineering, Guangzhou 510055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuofan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Research Center for Dental and Cranial Rehabilitation and Material Engineering, Guangzhou 510055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13111","article-title":"Prevalence and risk indicators of peri-implantitis in a sample of university-based dental patients in Italy: A cross-sectional study","volume":"46","author":"Vignoletti","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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