{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T14:23:32Z","timestamp":1787581412619,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Engineering Research Board\u2014State University Research Excellence","award":["SUR\/2022\/003160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUR\/2022\/003160"]}]},{"award":["SUR\/2022\/003160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUR\/2022\/003160"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ffdsr55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"SRM University AP, India"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037skf023","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acinetobacter (A.) baumannii is an important multidrug-resistant pathogen increasingly recognized across animal and environmental settings, and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) is classified as a critical-priority pathogen by the World Health Organization. This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and genomic characteristics of 122 A. baumannii isolates comprising 72 veterinary and 50 environmental isolates collected in Andhra Pradesh, India. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), resistance and virulence gene profiling, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), core-genome analysis, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) phylogeny, and pan-genome analysis were performed. Overall, 58.2% of isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and 41.8% were extensively drug-resistant (XDR). Sequence type (ST) 52 predominated among veterinary isolates, whereas ST2 was more frequent among environmental isolates. The presence of carbapenem-resistant isolates along with the ST2 lineage enhances the similarity to clinical A. baumannii. Several intrinsic resistance genes, including blaOXA-23, armA, aph(3\u2033)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, tet(B), mph(E), and msr(E), were more prevalent in the ST2-associated population. Virulence-associated determinants were widely conserved. Core-genome MLST (cgMLST) and core-genome SNP (cgSNP) analyses identified highly related isolates within both lineages, while pairwise SNP differences were 0\u20137. Pan-genome analysis identified 4204 gene clusters and distinct accessory gene patterns between ST2 and ST52. These findings indicate that resistance gene distribution was closely associated with lineage structure and support integrated genomic surveillance of A. baumannii across animal and environmental reservoirs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27177571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T13:20:43Z","timestamp":1787577643000},"page":"7571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Whole-Genome Analysis Reveals Antimicrobial Resistance and Population Structure of Environmental and Veterinary Acinetobacter baumannii"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2576-7382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saranya","family":"Adukkadukkam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences (SEAS), SRM University AP, Amaravathi 522240, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4597-0644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanka","family":"Brangsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8598-9529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara","family":"Kozytska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9881-7143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonika","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences (SEAS), SRM University AP, Amaravathi 522240, Andhra Pradesh, India"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Biology, Chubu University, Kasugai 4878501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0975-5768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavithra","family":"Rajkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences (SEAS), SRM University AP, Amaravathi 522240, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandra Sekhar","family":"Suppala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3547-3495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. Anand","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Gannavaram 521102, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6259-1932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gamal","family":"Wareth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1924-2988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jayaseelan","family":"Murugaiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences (SEAS), SRM University AP, Amaravathi 522240, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asmare, Z., Tamrat, E., Erkihun, M., Endalamaw, K., Alelign, D., Getie, M., Sisay, A., Gashaw, Y., and Reta, M.A. (2025). 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