{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:23:09Z","timestamp":1787764989373,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":200,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microgravity research has emerged as a rapidly evolving field at the intersection of space medicine, genomics, biotechnology, and precision medicine. Exposure to the space environment induces complex physiological and molecular adaptations that affect multiple biological systems, including immune regulation, metabolism, musculoskeletal function, and gene expression. Recent advances in genomics, multi-omics technologies, artificial intelligence, and bioengineering have substantially improved our understanding of biological adaptation to spaceflight and expanded opportunities for translational biomedical research. This review summarizes recent advances in genetic and biomedical research under microgravity conditions, with particular emphasis on molecular mechanisms, omics technologies, genome editing, microbiome research, regenerative medicine, and personalized healthcare approaches. Major experimental platforms, landmark spaceflight studies, and translational applications in infectious diseases, cancer biology, aging, tissue engineering, and pharmaceutical development are discussed. The review also highlights Saudi Arabia\u2019s emerging contributions to genomic medicine and space biosciences through initiatives such as the Saudi Human Genome Program, the Saudi Pangenome Project, the Saudi Space Agency, and the BioGravity Initiative. Recent Saudi participation in human spaceflight and microgravity-associated biomedical research is discussed within the context of Vision 2030 and national investments in biotechnology and precision medicine. Collectively, advances in microgravity research are expected to contribute to the advancement of precision medicine and facilitate the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies with significant implications for both human space exploration and terrestrial healthcare.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27177613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:01:07Z","timestamp":1787670067000},"page":"7613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond Earth: Recent Advancements in Microgravity Biomedical and Genetic Research in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1901-697X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yousef M.","family":"Hawsawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 40047, Jeddah 21499, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4809-9743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yahya F.","family":"Jamous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellness and Preventive Medicine Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouq F.","family":"Alghannam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellness and Preventive Medicine Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala","family":"Aldahshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5944-3880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loulwah","family":"Alothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12371, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rawan","family":"Fitaihi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5088-7792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nouf","family":"Aljawini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2867-0511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sana S.","family":"Alqarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2376-2576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rihaf","family":"Alfaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esraa A.","family":"Aldkheil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah S.","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Genomic Technologies Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.10.050","article-title":"Fundamental Biological Features of Spaceflight: Advancing the Field to Enable Deep-Space Exploration","volume":"183","author":"Afshinnekoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomsia, M., Cie\u015bla, J., \u015amieszek, J., Florek, S., Macionga, A., Michalczyk, K., and Stygar, D. 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