{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T11:21:47Z","timestamp":1787829707575,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010621","name":"Medical University of Lublin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["336"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["336"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/016f61126","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Preterm labor is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, with inflammation playing a central role in its pathogenesis. This structured literature review summarizes the role of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-\u03baB) signaling pathway in term and preterm labor and critically evaluates current evidence on natural and synthetic NF-\u03baB modulators as potential therapeutic approaches. The narrative overview covers publications through June 2026. Experimental, translational, and review studies were synthesized narratively. NF-\u03baB integrates hormonal, mechanical, infectious, and sterile inflammatory signals in gestational tissues, promoting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandins, chemokines, and contraction-associated proteins that drive uterine activation. While tightly regulated NF-\u03baB activation is essential for physiological term labor, it\u2019s premature or excessive activation contributes to inflammation-associated preterm labor. Natural compounds and synthetic agents consistently attenuate excessive NF-\u03baB signaling and downstream inflammatory responses in preclinical models, supporting their potential as candidate therapeutic strategies. However, clinical evidence remains limited. Future research should prioritize tissue-specific, context-dependent modulation of NF-\u03baB and establish the safety, optimal therapeutic windows, and clinical efficacy of NF-\u03baB-targeted interventions during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27177673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T10:58:21Z","timestamp":1787828301000},"page":"7673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Targeting NF-\u03baB Signaling in Preterm Labor: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8285-7173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miko\u0142aj","family":"Marynowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student\u2019s Scientific Association at the Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8690-9965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"Mech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student\u2019s Scientific Association at the Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6831-0090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicja","family":"Mastej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student\u2019s Scientific Association at the Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelika","family":"Masiarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student\u2019s Scientific Association at the Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7295-0409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u017baneta","family":"Kimber-Trojnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.03.003","article-title":"Preterm birth and public health challenges: Incidence and risk factors","volume":"242","author":"Khezri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04106","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.15.04106","article-title":"The prevalence of long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm-born children in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of developmental outcomes in 72\u2009974 preterm-born children","volume":"15","author":"Sultana","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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