{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T11:21:48Z","timestamp":1787829708952,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Melanoma continues to be one of the most challenging diseases in oncology, given its aggressiveness and increased resistance to existing therapies. Therefore, the identification of novel therapeutic strategies is of considerable interest, with medicinal plants representing a promising source of bioactive compounds. In the present study, the phytochemical profile and the in vitro biological activity of a lyophilized aqueous leaf extract of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. cultivated in Romania were investigated. The extract was characterized by determining the total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and polyphenolic composition using UHPLC-MS\/MS. Its cytotoxic potential and cytocompatibility were evaluated at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 \u00b5g\/mL in two human melanoma cell lines (RPMI 7951 and A375) and in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Cell viability and morphological alterations were assessed in all three cell lines. Subsequently, the study focused on assessing the effects of the extract on melanoma cells by evaluating lysosome integrity and the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The impact on mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as on mitochondrial and nuclear morphology, was also determined. Finally, the HET-CAM test was carried out to assess the extract\u2019s preliminary irritant potential at 500 \u00b5g\/mL. The results showed that the extract presented a high content of phenolic compounds and high antioxidant capacity. The most abundant compounds in the extract were chlorogenic acid, rutin, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid\/3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and p-coumaric acid\/trans-p-coumaric acid. With regard to biological activity, the treatment induced low cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells including at 500 \u00b5g\/mL. At the same time, it produced a dose-dependent reduction in the viability of melanoma cells, accompanied by impaired lysosomal integrity. It was observed that the extract increased ROS levels and mitochondrial membrane depolarization, thereby inducing morphological changes at the mitochondrial and nuclear levels. However, across all performed assays, the most pronounced effects were observed starting at a concentration of 300 \u00b5g\/mL. The HET-CAM assay classified the extract as non-irritant at 500 \u00b5g\/mL. These findings suggest that Eriobotrya japonica leaf extract exerts antimelanoma effects associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction while maintaining a favorable preliminary safety profile.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27177676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T10:58:21Z","timestamp":1787828301000},"page":"7676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat) Leaf Extract: An Integral In Vitro and In Ovo Approach to Antimelanoma Potential and Safety"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2850-4192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreea Maria","family":"Cristea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Doctoral School, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9890-2277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana Gabriela","family":"Maca\u015foi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd 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Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina Adriana","family":"Dehelean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8107-8595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana-Simona","family":"Tchiakpe-Antal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Dumitra\u0219cu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Pharmacology Department, Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3619-2484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex-Robert","family":"J\u00eejie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, 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\u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2022.0160","article-title":"Global Burden of Cutaneous Melanoma in 2020 and Projections to 2040","volume":"158","author":"Arnold","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"472","article-title":"Melanoma staging: Evidence-based changes in the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual","volume":"67","author":"Gershenwald","year":"2017","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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