{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T10:17:07Z","timestamp":1788257827262,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yuelushan Laboratory Breeding Program","award":["YLS-2025-ZY02044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YLS-2025-ZY02044"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFD2401803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD2401803"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFD2400701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD2400701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Advantageous and Characteristic Industrial Cluster Project of Dongting Lake Crayfish"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Growth is a critical economic trait in all aquaculture industries. To address issues such as germplasm degradation, a comprehensive understanding of the growth and development mechanisms, along with genetic improvement strategies, for Procambarus clarkii (P. clarkii) is urgently required. In this study, we performed whole-genome resequencing on 89 individuals from five cultured stocks to investigate growth traits (body length) and identified a total of 46,919,297 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Based on these SNPs, we conducted principal component analysis (PCA), phylogenetic analysis, and population genetic structure analysis. Furthermore, we performed selective sweep analysis (using FST, Pi, and XP-CLR) and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic variants associated with growth traits. The results revealed significant genetic differentiation among the five cultured stocks, with the Ma\u2019anshan cultured stock exhibiting the fastest linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay. Additionally, long-term aquaculture in different geographical regions resulted in distinct genetic differences among cultured stocks. Through selective sweep analysis, the intersection of FST, Pi, and XP-CLR across the five populations yielded several growth-related candidate genes: Nephrin, Somatostatin, zinc finger protein 154, and yeti. Subsequent the GWAS identified two candidate genes associated with growth traits: Cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated protein 1 (CAND1) and Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 8 (BIRC8). These genes are presumed to play pivotal roles in the growth and development of P. clarkii. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying growth and development in P. clarkii, and these identified genes serve as promising candidates for further functional studies and genetic improvement of this species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27177738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T09:48:36Z","timestamp":1788256116000},"page":"7738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of Candidate Genes Associated with Growth Traits in Procambarus clarkii Using Whole-Genome Resequencing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"},{"name":"Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Pingping","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Animal Science, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Huiling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"},{"name":"Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"},{"name":"Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xingfei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"},{"name":"Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Dongwu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jinlong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Zhiming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changsha Agricultural Science Research Institute, Changsha 410026, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yude","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"},{"name":"Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Shaojun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"},{"name":"Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1111\/fwb.13513","article-title":"Historical, human, and environmental drivers of genetic diversity in the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) invading the Iberian Peninsula","volume":"65","author":"Oficialdegui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Freshw. Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2023.105580","article-title":"Identification of sex pheromone of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii and exploration of the chemosensory mechanism of their antennae","volume":"195","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-024-10408-7","article-title":"Genetic Mechanism Analysis Related to Cold Tolerance of Red Swamp Crayfish, Procambarus clarkii","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mar. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.limno.2016.03.003","article-title":"The red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii in Europe: Impacts on aquatic ecosystems and human well-being","volume":"58","author":"Aquiloni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Limnologica"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbre.2021.11.003","article-title":"Comparative transcriptome preliminary reveals the molecular mechanism of the growth rate of Procambarus clarkii","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod. Breed."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Fisheries Department of Ministry of Agriculture (2025). China Fishery Statical Yearbook: 2025."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, B., Xu, X., Chen, Y., Xie, H., Zhang, T., and Mao, X. (2024). Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) as a Growing Food Source: Opportunities and Challenges in Comprehensive Research and Utilization. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13233780"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-017-1406-1","article-title":"Identification of novel genes significantly affecting growth in catfish through GWAS analysis","volume":"293","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Genom. MGG"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-019-09910-0","article-title":"Genome-Wide Association Study of Growth and Body-Shape-Related Traits in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea) Using ddRAD Sequencing","volume":"21","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mar. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1111\/age.12202","article-title":"Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene are associated with growth-related traits in farmed Atlantic salmon","volume":"45","author":"Tsai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Genet."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2014.12.001","article-title":"Molecular characterization and expression of three preprosomatostatin genes and their association with growth in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)","volume":"182","author":"Feng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part B"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aaf.2023.04.008","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated mutation of Mstn confers growth performance in Culter alburnus juveniles","volume":"9","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aquac. Fish."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-017-9775-3","article-title":"A Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals That Genes with Functions for Bone Development Are Associated with Body Conformation in Catfish","volume":"19","author":"Geng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mar. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Teng, M., Liu, P., Zhao, M., Wang, S., Hu, J., Bao, Z., and Zeng, Q. (2022). Selection Signatures of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Revealed by Whole-Genome Resequencing Analysis. Front. Mar. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.844597"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2834","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82625-2","article-title":"Genomic scans for selective sweeps through haplotype homozygosity and allelic fixation in 14 indigenous sheep breeds from Middle East and South Asia","volume":"11","author":"Eydivandi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19466","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76576-3","article-title":"Genome-wide scan for selection signatures reveals novel insights into the adaptive capacity in local North African cattle","volume":"10","author":"Slim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03206-y","article-title":"Convergent genomic signatures of domestication in sheep and goats","volume":"9","author":"Alberto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2024.741129","article-title":"Identification of novel SNPs and candidate genes significantly affecting growth in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) through GWAS analysis","volume":"591","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-024-10405-w","article-title":"Genetic Basis and Identification of Candidate Genes for Alkalinity Tolerance Trait in Spotted Sea Bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) by Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS)","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mar. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2024.741075","article-title":"Genome-wide association study reveals candidate genes critical for skin pigmentation in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) strains including koi","volume":"590","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"101814","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies loci and candidate genes associated with growth traits in Siniperca scherzeri","volume":"59","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol.\u2014Part D Genom. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2026.103659","article-title":"Extreme-phenotype genome-wide association study of growth traits in golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii) and implications for genomic selection","volume":"48","author":"Bu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Aquac. Rep."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Liu, H., Duan, Y., Wang, M., and Chen, X. (2026). Genome-Wide Association Study Suggests rrp44 Is a Key Regulator of Growth Traits in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Curr. Issues Mol. Biol., 48.","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb48040420"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"566","article-title":"Glacial and Quaternary Geology","volume":"108","author":"Flint","year":"1971","journal-title":"Geol. Mag."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"75","article-title":"An abrupt shift in the Indian monsoon 4000 years ago","volume":"Volume 198","author":"Berkelhammer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Climates, Landscapes, and Civilizations"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.321","article-title":"Construction of a chromosome-level genome assembly for genome-wide identification of growth-related quantitative trait loci in Sinocyclocheilus grahami (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae)","volume":"42","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zool. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2026.743769","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis for growth-related genes and SNPs in the Indian catfish Clarias magur","volume":"619","author":"Haldar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"101823","article-title":"Genome-wide association study reveals genetic loci associated with body shape related traits in Takifugu bimaculatus","volume":"59","author":"Zhao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part D Genom. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.266","article-title":"Whole-genome resequencing infers genomic basis of giant phenotype in Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens)","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zool. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2022.739194","article-title":"First genome-wide association study and genomic prediction for growth traits in spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) using whole-genome resequencing","volume":"566","author":"Chong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Che, S., Gao, J., Zhu, H., Du, J., Cao, L., Zheng, Y., Xu, G., and Liu, B. (2025). Integrated Application of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Provides Insights into the Different Body-Size Growth in Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26104617"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1126\/science.179.4068.77","article-title":"Hypothalamic Polypeptide That Inhibits the Secretion of Immunoreactive Pituitary Growth Hormone","volume":"179","author":"Brazeau","year":"1973","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2022.101022","article-title":"Comparative analysis of transcriptome responses to injected somatostatin 3 peptide in spotted scat (Scatophagus argus)","volume":"23","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquac. Rep."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aaf.2019.05.002","article-title":"Somatostatin 4 regulates growth and modulates gametogenesis in zebrafish","volume":"4","author":"Sui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquac. Fish."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22546","article-title":"A novel zinc finger protein Zfp637 behaves as a repressive regulator in myogenic cellular differentiation","volume":"110","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.3724\/abbs.2025118","article-title":"Zinc finger protein 154 inhibits the growth and metastasis of cervical cancer cells through inhibiting Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling by upregulating NLK","volume":"58","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"2577","article-title":"Yeti, an essential Drosophila melanogaster gene, encodes a protein required for chromatin organization","volume":"127","author":"Messina","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25511","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25511","article-title":"Expression of human Cfdp1 gene in Drosophila reveals new insights into the function of the evolutionarily conserved BCNT protein family","volume":"6","author":"Messina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-025-01540-5","article-title":"Cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated protein 1 (CAND1) promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration by enhancing the ubiquitinated degradation of Mps one binder kinase activator 1b (Mob1b)","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.07.013","article-title":"CAND1 exchange factor promotes Keap1 integration into cullin 3-RING ubiquitin ligase during adipogenesis","volume":"66","author":"Dubiel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20041107","article-title":"The BIR domain of IAP-like protein 2 is conformationally unstable: Implications for caspase inhibition","volume":"385","author":"Shin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25836","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.8283","article-title":"The putative tumor activator ARHGEF3 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell pathogenesis by inhibiting cellular apoptosis","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Xu, D., Guo, C., Zhang, T., Liu, J., and Li, W. (2025). Gonadal Development and Its Influencing Factors in the Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii): A Review. Biology, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14091138"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp324","article-title":"Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler transform","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"11.10.11","article-title":"From FastQ data to high confidence variant calls: The Genome Analysis Toolkit best practices pipeline","volume":"43","author":"Auwera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty875","article-title":"PopLDdecay: A fast and effective tool for linkage disequilibrium decay analysis based on variant call format files","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W293\u2212W296","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab301","article-title":"Interactive Tree Of Life (iTOL) v5: An online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation","volume":"49","author":"Letunic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655\u22121664","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.094052.109","article-title":"Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals","volume":"19","author":"Alexander","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-0199-0_7","article-title":"MSMC and MSMC2: The Multiple Sequentially Markovian Coalescent","volume":"2090","author":"Schiffels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2021.07.017","article-title":"A chromosome-level reference genome of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii provides insights into the gene families regarding growth or development in crustaceans","volume":"113","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09134-9","article-title":"Whole-genome resequencing reveals Brassica napus origin and genetic loci involved in its improvement","volume":"10","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2310","article-title":"Genome-wide efficient mixed-model analysis for association studies","volume":"44","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2020.10.007","article-title":"RMVP: A Memory-efficient, Visualization-enhanced, and Parallel-accelerated tool for Genome-Wide Association Study","volume":"19","author":"Lilin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genom. Proteom. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-021-01101-x","article-title":"Sensitive protein alignments at tree-of-life scale using DIAMOND","volume":"18","author":"Buchfink","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W207","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad347","article-title":"g:Profiler\u2014Interoperable web service for functional enrichment analysis and gene identifier mapping (2023 update)","volume":"51","author":"Kolberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/17\/7738\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T09:52:16Z","timestamp":1788256336000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/17\/7738"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27177738"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27177738","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]}}}