{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:12:28Z","timestamp":1788433948873,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017170","name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["220103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["220103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220103"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/000025p04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Low-molecular-weight chitosan may exhibit improved dispersion and biological accessibility compared with high-molecular-weight chitosan, but direct comparisons in Asian seabass remain limited. This study evaluated dietary low-molecular-weight chitosan produced by combined gamma irradiation and hydrogen peroxide depolymerization. The untreated and degraded preparations had apparent GPC-derived molecular weights of approximately 85 and 10 kDa, respectively. Juvenile Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) were fed a Control diet of 1.0% high-molecular-weight chitosan or low-molecular-weight chitosan at 0.25%, 0.5%, or 1.0% for four weeks. Growth, serum antioxidant and humoral immune parameters, tissue-specific gene expression, and resistance to Photobacterium damselae were evaluated. No treatment significantly affected growth or feed utilization. Both high- and low-molecular-weight chitosan reduced serum MDA relative to the Control, whereas selected antioxidant and immune responses differed among inclusion levels. The 0.5% low-molecular-weight treatment increased GSH and GPx activity, the 1.0% low-molecular-weight treatment produced the highest CAT activity, and the 0.25% low-molecular-weight treatment produced the highest total serum IgM. Low-molecular-weight chitosan generally produced broader tissue-specific transcriptional responses than 1.0% high-molecular-weight chitosan. Following bacterial challenge, all chitosan treatments improved survival relative to the Control, with the highest numerical RPS observed in the 0.5% low-molecular-weight group. These results indicate that molecular-weight reduction influenced the biological response to dietary chitosan. Among the tested levels, 0.5% produced the most consistent combined response, although the optimal level was endpoint-specific and requires longer-term validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27177772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T09:48:36Z","timestamp":1788256116000},"page":"7772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Low-Molecular-Weight Chitosan Produced by Gamma Irradiation and Hydrogen Peroxide Promotes Immune Readiness, Antioxidant Responses, and Survival in Photobacterium damselae-Challenged Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9224-5894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thitirat","family":"Rattanawongwiboon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Nakhon Nayok 26120, 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