{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T09:22:42Z","timestamp":1788340962100,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025CXGC010803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025CXGC010803"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024TSGC0558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024TSGC0558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2023MC049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023MC049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021MC143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MC143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Action Plan for Boosting Scientific and Technological Innovation in Rural Revitalization","award":["2025TZXD017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025TZXD017"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Province Poultry Industry Technology System","award":["SDAIT-11-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDAIT-11-10"]}]},{"name":"Universities-Industry CollaborationProgram funded by the Bureau of Education of Yantai City, Chin"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), caused by FIPV, is a highly fatal disease. The coordinated shifts in gut microbiota, metabolome, and their interactions following FIPV infection remain poorly understood. In this pilot discovery work, we established an oral FIPV DF-2 challenge model in kittens, which reproduced typical FIP phenotypes confirmed by clinical scores and pathology for exploratory multi-omics profiling. Using V3\u2013V4 16S rRNA sequencing on Illumina PE300 and UHPLC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics, combined with LEfSe, OPLS-DA, and Pearson correlation, we preliminarily characterized fecal microbial and metabolic alterations associated with FIP onset in this exploratory animal model. FIP-affected kittens exhibited reduced abundances of Ligilactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Limosilactobacillus, alongside elevated Roseburia, Helicobacter, and Campylobacter. Differential metabolites were enriched in six core pathways, which preliminarily suggest potential links to oxidative stress, energy metabolism impairment, immune suppression, and systemic inflammatory response during FIP progression. Correlation analyses linked beneficial genera to upregulated 4-hydroxynonenal and xanthosine, while opportunistic taxa (Helicobacter, Campylobacter, Enterobacterales) correlated with caffeine, 1-methyluric acid, and retinoic acid derivatives. These preliminary findings suggest unique fecal microbial-metabolic signatures in FIP, providing hypothesis-generating mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic targets. However, given the exploratory nature of this pilot study, these results require validation in larger, independently controlled cohorts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27177843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T08:56:01Z","timestamp":1788339361000},"page":"7843","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Profiling Fecal Microbiome and Metabolites in a Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Challenge Model in Kittens: A Pilot Discovery Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Shuye","family":"Zhen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China"},{"name":"Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai 264025, China"},{"name":"Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai 264025, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai 264025, China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai\u2019an 271017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China"},{"name":"Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai 264025, China"},{"name":"Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai 264025, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai 264025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajie","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China"},{"name":"Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai 264025, China"},{"name":"Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai 264025, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai 264025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China"},{"name":"Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai 264025, China"},{"name":"Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal 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