{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T05:10:21Z","timestamp":1788844221566,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The transition from late gestation to lactation is accompanied by marked changes in protein and amino acid metabolism in dairy cows. This randomized field study evaluated whether oral multi-strain probiotic supplementation from dry-off to 12 weeks postpartum affected serum protein indices and circulating free amino acids. Twenty multiparous cows were allocated 1:1 to a control group (CON) or a probiotic-supplemented group (PRO). The longitudinal hematology and serum biochemistry subcohort comprised five cows per group, whereas free amino acids were measured at 7\u20138 weeks postpartum in 9 CON and 10 PRO cows. At 3\u20134 weeks postpartum, PRO cows had higher total protein (83.86 vs. 73.98 g\/L; p = 0.009) and globulin (40.20 vs. 32.80 g\/L; p = 0.024). At 7\u20138 weeks postpartum, PRO cows had lower asparagine (13.30 vs. 20.11 \u03bcmol\/L; p = 0.004) and glutamine (280.90 vs. 363.44 \u03bcmol\/L; p = 0.019), and higher aspartic acid (24.80 vs. 6.56 \u03bcmol\/L; p = 0.008) and tryptophan (26.60 vs. 16.67 \u03bcmol\/L; p = 0.045). Probiotic supplementation was associated with differences in selected serum protein indices and amino acids, although the underlying mechanisms remain to be established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27177860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T14:35:29Z","timestamp":1788359729000},"page":"7860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Probiotic Supplementation from Dry-Off Through Early Lactation on Serum Protein Indices and Free Amino Acids in Dairy Cows: A Randomized Field Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Marczuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sub-Department of Internal Diseases of Farm Animals and Horses, Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, G\u0142\u0119boka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Wrze\u015bniewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sub-Department of Internal Diseases of Farm Animals and Horses, Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, G\u0142\u0119boka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Brodzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, G\u0142\u0119boka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Brodzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, G\u0142\u0119boka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenan","family":"Sezer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15000 Burdur, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2925-4165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawid","family":"Tobolski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vas.2021.100222","article-title":"Changes in immune system and intestinal bacteria of cows during the transition period","volume":"14","author":"Chida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. 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