{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T05:10:22Z","timestamp":1788844222887,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Fundamental Fund 2026, Chiang Mai University","award":["Project Number 214522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project Number 214522"]}]},{"award":["Project Number 214522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project Number 214522"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05m2fqn25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016204","name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRB690042\/0162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRB690042\/0162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016204","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["FRB690042\/0162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRB690042\/0162"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/000025p04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chiang Mai University and the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) through the Research Team Promo-tion Grant (RTA) and the Senior Research Scholar","award":["N42A671052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42A671052"]}]},{"award":["N42A671052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42A671052"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05m2fqn25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the most common form of hair loss, is driven by dihydrotestosterone-mediated follicular miniaturization, oxidative stress, and perifollicular inflammation, requiring multi-target intervention. Coffee pulp is an abundant coffee-processing by-product and a potential source of value-added bioactives relevant to AGA. This study investigated whether fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, or their mixed culture could remodel coffee pulp composition and enhance biological activities relevant to AGA. Untargeted metabolomics revealed treatment-dependent metabolic remodeling. LP-CP showed the largest number of significantly altered metabolite features (1020; 666 increased and 354 decreased), whereas MIX-CP exhibited a predominantly upward pattern, with 238 of 283 significantly altered features (84.10%) showing increased abundance relative to the unfermented control. Targeted polyphenol analysis showed MIX-CP contained the highest levels of rosmarinic acid and quercetin. In human hair follicle dermal papilla cells, MIX-CP stimulated proliferation, increased fibroblast proliferation in a conditioned-medium model, partially rescued cell viability under potassium-channel inhibition, and attenuated intracellular reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation more than monoculture-fermented extracts. At the transcriptional level, MIX-CP downregulated androgen metabolism genes SRD5A1 and SRD5A2 alongside pro-regression mediator TGFB1 while upregulating Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin (CTNNB1), Sonic Hedgehog (SHH, SMO, GLI1), and angiogenic (VEGF) genes, showing transcript-level modulation comparable to standard hair-loss drugs for most targets. These findings position MIX-CP as a promising multi-target cosmeceutical for AGA management, warranting further in vivo validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27177865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:39:47Z","timestamp":1788363587000},"page":"7865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mixed-Culture Fermentation of Coffee Pulp Induces Metabolomic Changes and Enhances Multi-Target Bioactivity Relevant to Androgenetic Alopecia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8590-169X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anurak","family":"Muangsanguan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3940-6441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Warintorn","family":"Ruksiriwanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Cluster of Valorization and Bio-Green Transformation for Translation Research Innovation of Raw Materials and Products, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niphawan","family":"Panti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0936-1588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kasirawat","family":"Sawangrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pattarapa","family":"Pummara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8157-4433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pornchai","family":"Rachtanapun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0089-8183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Korawan","family":"Sringarm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cluster of Valorization and Bio-Green Transformation for Translation Research Innovation of Raw Materials and Products, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7356-2598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarana Rose","family":"Sommano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cluster of Valorization and Bio-Green Transformation for Translation Research Innovation of Raw Materials and Products, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4428-4140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sucheewin","family":"Krobthong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry (CENP), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6297-2890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaiwat","family":"Arjin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3922-4047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apinya","family":"Satsook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3659-3640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Castagnini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Avenida Vicent Andr\u00e9s Estell\u00e9s s\/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Markets, R. 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