{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:22:19Z","timestamp":1790126539716,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002631","name":"LIBON Inc. through Gachon University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GCU-202506430001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU-202506430001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002631","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["GCU-202506430001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU-202506430001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ryywt80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ultraviolet (UV) exposure accelerates skin aging through wavelength-dependent effects. Ultraviolet A (UVA) penetrates relatively deeply into the dermis and promotes oxidative stress and extracellular-matrix remodeling, whereas ultraviolet B (UVB) is absorbed predominantly in the epidermis and produces direct DNA damage and inflammation; nevertheless, UVB can also alter dermal fibroblast matrix metabolism in experimental models. The present study specifically used UVB irradiation (peak wavelength, 306 nm) to examine inflammatory collagen loss. UVB-induced cellular injury activates the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, leading to caspase-1-dependent maturation of interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), activation of nuclear factor-\u03baB (NF-\u03baB), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-associated collagen degradation. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation is a non-optical biophysical modality that may modulate inflammatory and matrix responses. Here, we characterized the effects of PEMF exposure using Corefacial on UVB-induced dermal collagen loss in association with the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR)\/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)\/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. In UVB-exposed fibroblasts, PEMF restored A2AAR and PKA protein levels, cAMP levels, and the pNLRP3\/NLRP3 ratio, similar to the effects of the A2AAR agonist CGS-21680. PEMF also reduced apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1 activation markers, IL-1\u03b2 secretion, NF-\u03baB nuclear translocation, and MMP2\/MMP3\/MMP9 expression and increased the levels of collagen I and collagen III. In the in vivo UVB model, PEMF similarly increased A2AAR and PKA protein levels, cAMP levels, and the pNLRP3\/NLRP3 ratio, while attenuating IL-1\u03b2\/NF-\u03baB\/MMP-associated responses and preserving dermal collagen. These findings are consistent with, but do not prove, involvement of A2AAR\/cAMP\/PKA-related signaling and inhibitory NLRP3 phosphorylation in the PEMF response. These results should be interpreted as evidence from a UVB-specific experimental model rather than a comprehensive model of solar photoaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27177904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:25:56Z","timestamp":1788542756000},"page":"7904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Exposure Attenuates Ultraviolet B-Induced Dermal Collagen Loss in Association with A2A Adenosine Receptor Signaling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7486-9137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung-A","family":"Byun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"LIBON Inc., Incheon 22006, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2683-2606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Ik","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, International Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Seyeon","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIBON Inc., Incheon 22006, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"So Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cheongdam Ruby Clinic, Seoul 06009, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suk Bae","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SeoAh Song Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul 05557, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0595-5645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuk Hui","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8678-8932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyunghee","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12222","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140612222","article-title":"UV radiation and the skin","volume":"14","author":"Jarrett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. 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