{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T17:15:46Z","timestamp":1788974146565,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of T\u00fcrkiye","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["323S451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["323S451"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["323S451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["323S451"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04w9kkr77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity is associated with hypothalamic dysfunction, including altered arcuate nucleus (ARC) signaling-related impairment of energy homeostasis. However, the central metabolic effects of the specialized pro-resolving mediator Maresin-1 (Mar1) remain unclear. This study investigated whether central Mar1 administration alters ARC agouti-related peptide (AgRP), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and metabolic hormone profiles in rats under standard diet (STD) and high-fat diet (HFD) conditions. Male Wistar albino rats were fed either an STD or an HFD for 12 weeks and assigned to untreated control, vehicle, 50 ng\/kg\/day Mar1, or 100 ng\/kg\/day Mar1 groups within each diet condition. Mar1 was administered by continuous intracerebroventricular infusion for 7 days. Body weight, food intake, serum insulin, leptin, ghrelin levels, and ARC AgRP and POMC expressions were evaluated. Central Mar1 infusion did not alter body weight or food intake. In STD-fed rats, 100 ng Mar1 significantly increased serum insulin compared to control (p = 0.025), both Mar1 doses significantly increased leptin versus control (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.0091, respectively), and 50 ng Mar1 significantly increased ghrelin compared with control and vehicle groups (p = 0.0016 and p = 0.0055, respectively). In HFD-fed rats, Mar1 did not significantly change serum hormone levels, and the difference in ghrelin between the 50 ng Mar1 and vehicle groups did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.051). Mar1 did not alter AgRP expression in the ARC under either diet condition. However, under HFD, 100 ng Mar1 increased POMC expression relative to control, vehicle, and 50 ng Mar1 groups (p = 0.0076, p = 0.0078 and p = 0.0204, respectively). Central Mar1 infusion therefore altered circulating metabolic hormones with no significant diet x treatment interaction, and increased ARC POMC expression under HFD, an effect supported by a significant diet x treatment interaction (p = 0.0091), without changing energy intake or body weight over the 7-day infusion. These findings indicate a diet-dependent modulation of hypothalamic melanocortin tone rather than a significant effect on energy balance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27188039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T16:43:16Z","timestamp":1788972196000},"page":"8039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diet-Dependent Effects of Intracerebroventricular Maresin-1 on Hypothalamus of Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9618-6203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cihan Suleyman","family":"Erdogan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul 34755, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9395-5812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irem","family":"Solmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8199-1322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cansu","family":"Yakin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul 34755, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Fatma Ozge","family":"Tuncel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul 34755, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9212-4021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuba","family":"Keskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Suat","family":"Tekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Suleyman","family":"Sandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Bayram","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35210, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir 35340, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16263","article-title":"An overview of obesity-related complications: The epidemiological evidence linking body weight and other markers of obesity to adverse health outcomes","volume":"27","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes. Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01482-6","article-title":"AgRP neurons encode circadian feeding time","volume":"27","author":"Aklan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00355-1","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence of adult overweight and obesity, 1990-2021, with forecasts to 2050: A forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"405","author":"Collaborators","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-023-00527-y","article-title":"Update on the Obesity Epidemic: After the Sudden Rise, Is the Upward Trajectory Beginning to Flatten?","volume":"12","author":"Koliaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Obes. Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-020-00398-7","article-title":"Socioeconomics of Obesity","volume":"9","author":"Anekwe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Obes. Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1159\/000542901","article-title":"Obesogens and Energy Homeostasis: Definition, Mechanisms of Action, Exposure, and Adverse Effects on Human Health","volume":"115","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.06.004","article-title":"Association of genetic risk, lifestyle, and their interaction with obesity and obesity-related morbidities","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66378-7","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome","volume":"365","author":"Eckel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C375","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00379.2020","article-title":"Adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in obesity","volume":"320","author":"Kawai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.12.013","article-title":"Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders","volume":"55","author":"Rohm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.026609","article-title":"Hypothalamic circuits regulating appetite and energy homeostasis: Pathways to obesity","volume":"10","author":"Timper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2016.1211709","article-title":"Effects of apelin on reproductive functions: Relationship with feeding behavior and energy metabolism","volume":"123","author":"Tekin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00d6ngel, M.E., Yildiz, C., Ba\u015fer, \u00d6., Yilmaz, B., and \u00d6zilgen, M. (2023). Thermodynamic Assessment of the Effects of Intermittent Fasting and Fatty Liver Disease Diets on Longevity. Entropy, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/e25020227"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6602","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42362-8","article-title":"Adrenergic modulation of melanocortin pathway by hunger signals","volume":"14","author":"Laule","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121366","article-title":"Effects of endocrine disruptors on the electrical activity of leptin receptor neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus and anxiety-like behavior in male mice","volume":"324","author":"Yavuz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabl7398","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abl7398","article-title":"Integrative neurocircuits that control metabolism and food intake","volume":"381","author":"Fenselau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13437","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13437","article-title":"Fasting- and ghrelin-induced food intake is regulated by NAMPT in the hypothalamus","volume":"228","author":"Hassing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.11.016","article-title":"NTS Catecholamine Neurons Mediate Hypoglycemic Hunger via Medial Hypothalamic Feeding Pathways","volume":"31","author":"Aklan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.113630","article-title":"Opioidergic signaling contributes to food-mediated suppression of AgRP neurons","volume":"43","author":"Yavuz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2024.101904","article-title":"Effects of chronic high fat diet on mediobasal hypothalamic satiety neuron function in POMC-Cre mice","volume":"82","author":"Yavuz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149857","article-title":"Cannabinoids drive feeding through AgRP neurons","volume":"1865","author":"Yavuz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.06.014","article-title":"Toward a Wiring Diagram Understanding of Appetite Control","volume":"95","author":"Andermann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2023.101826","article-title":"Ghrelin signalling in AgRP neurons links metabolic state to the sensory regulation of AgRP neural activity","volume":"78","author":"So","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11811","DOI":"10.1039\/D4FO04024D","article-title":"Bioactive compounds regulate appetite through the melanocortin system: A review","volume":"15","author":"Niu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3237","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3991","article-title":"Association of quality and quantity of macronutrients intake with obesity, new anthropometric indices, lipid accumulation, and blood lipid risk index in Tehranian women","volume":"12","author":"Salehi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422410000168","article-title":"High-fat diet-induced obesity in animal models","volume":"23","author":"Hariri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.608","article-title":"High-fat diets: Modeling the metabolic disorders of human obesity in rodents","volume":"15","author":"Buettner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13581","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13581","article-title":"Germ-free mice are not protected against diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction","volume":"231","author":"Moretti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200319246","article-title":"Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue","volume":"112","author":"Weisberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4192","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-1520","article-title":"Consumption of a fat-rich diet activates a proinflammatory response and induces insulin resistance in the hypothalamus","volume":"146","author":"Araujo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI59660","article-title":"Obesity is associated with hypothalamic injury in rodents and humans","volume":"122","author":"Thaler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21248","article-title":"Radiologic evidence that hypothalamic gliosis is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in humans","volume":"23","author":"Schur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.4","article-title":"Specialized pro-resolving mediators: Endogenous regulators of infection and inflammation","volume":"16","author":"Basil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-0828","article-title":"Impaired local production of proresolving lipid mediators in obesity and 17-HDHA as a potential treatment for obesity-associated inflammation","volume":"62","author":"Neuhofer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.10.006","article-title":"Resolvins, specialized proresolving lipid mediators, and their potential roles in metabolic diseases","volume":"19","author":"Spite","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20128","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75353-6","article-title":"The relationship between specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, morbid obesity and weight loss after bariatric surgery","volume":"10","author":"Schulte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5294","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI129448","article-title":"Maresin 1 activates LGR6 receptor promoting phagocyte immunoresolvent functions","volume":"129","author":"Chiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2025.108226","article-title":"Maresin-1 promotes neuroprotection and modulates metabolic and inflammatory responses in disease-associated cell types in preclinical models of multiple sclerosis","volume":"301","author":"Zahoor","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2020.101034","article-title":"Maresin-1 resolution with ROR\u03b1 and LGR6","volume":"78","author":"Im","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201600859R","article-title":"Maresin 1 improves insulin sensitivity and attenuates adipose tissue inflammation in ob\/ob and diet-induced obese mice","volume":"31","author":"Laiglesia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Faseb J."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.226","article-title":"Maresin 1 mitigates liver steatosis in ob\/ob and diet-induced obese mice","volume":"42","author":"Laiglesia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3981","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA117.000885","article-title":"Maresin 1 attenuates NAFLD by suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress via AMPK-SERCA2b pathway","volume":"293","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4539035","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4539035","article-title":"Decreased Plasma Maresin 1 Concentration Is Associated with Diabetic Foot Ulcer","volume":"2020","author":"Miao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(80)90222-X","article-title":"Does the Lee obesity index measure general obesity?","volume":"25","author":"Stephens","year":"1980","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02232553","article-title":"Prediction of carcass fat, water and lean body mass from Lee\u2019s \u201cnutritive ratio\u201d in rats with hypothalamic obesity","volume":"26","author":"Bernardis","year":"1970","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2739","article-title":"AGRP neurons are sufficient to orchestrate feeding behavior rapidly and without training","volume":"14","author":"Aponte","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0777-2","article-title":"Resolvin RvD2 reduces hypothalamic inflammation and rescues mice from diet-induced obesity","volume":"14","author":"Pascoal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T77","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-15-0323","article-title":"60 YEARS OF POMC: Biosynthesis, trafficking, and secretion of pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides","volume":"56","author":"Cawley","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/35078085","article-title":"Leptin activates anorexigenic POMC neurons through a neural network in the arcuate nucleus","volume":"411","author":"Cowley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1069","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00411.2020","article-title":"Activation of hypothalamic AgRP and POMC neurons evokes disparate sympathetic and cardiovascular responses","volume":"319","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5384","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700394R","article-title":"The specialized proresolving lipid mediator maresin 1 protects hepatocytes from lipotoxic and hypoxia-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"31","author":"Rius","year":"2017","journal-title":"Faseb J."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI88878","article-title":"Hypothalamic inflammation in obesity and metabolic disease","volume":"127","author":"Jais","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112012","article-title":"Mechanistic insight into high-fat diet-induced metabolic inflammation in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus","volume":"142","author":"Ullah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70242","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202402216RR","article-title":"Inflammatory mediator contributes to leptin resistance and obesity in craniopharyngioma","volume":"38","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Faseb J."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e250521","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-25-0521","article-title":"Leptin and leptin resistance in obesity: Current evidence, mechanisms and future directions","volume":"14","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endocr. Connect."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602013340503","article-title":"Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans","volume":"334","author":"Considine","year":"1996","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00063-1","article-title":"The distribution and mechanism of action of ghrelin in the CNS demonstrates a novel hypothalamic circuit regulating energy homeostasis","volume":"37","author":"Cowley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4745","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0556","article-title":"Diet-induced obesity causes ghrelin resistance in arcuate NPY\/AgRP neurons","volume":"151","author":"Briggs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Fern\u00e1ndez, L., Burgos, M., S\u00e1inz, N., Laiglesia, L.M., Arbones-Mainar, J.M., Gonz\u00e1lez-Muniesa, P., and Moreno-Aliaga, M.J. (2023). Maresin 1 Exerts a Tissue-Specific Regulation of Adipo-Hepato-Myokines in Diet-Induced Obese Mice and Modulates Adipokine Expression in Cultured Human Adipocytes in Basal and Inflammatory Conditions. Biomolecules, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13060919"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2021.094","article-title":"Specialized Proresolving Mediators for Therapeutic Interventions Targeting Metabolic and Inflammatory Disorders","volume":"29","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiberi, M., and Chiurchi\u00f9, V. (2021). Specialized Pro-resolving Lipid Mediators and Glial Cells: Emerging Candidates for Brain Homeostasis and Repair. Front. Cell. Neurosci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.673549"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2024.106905","article-title":"Research progress in the mechanisms and functions of specialized pro-resolving mediators in neurological diseases","volume":"175","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin, P., Wang, X., Wang, S., Wei, Y., Feng, J., and Zhu, M. (2019). Maresin 1 Improves Cognitive Decline and Ameliorates Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Front. Cell. Neurosci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00466"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4288","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202743","article-title":"Maresin 1, a proresolving lipid mediator derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, exerts protective actions in murine models of colitis","volume":"191","author":"Marcon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2023.101749","article-title":"Maresin 1 activates brown adipose tissue and promotes browning of white adipose tissue in mice","volume":"74","author":"Laiglesia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540405200302","article-title":"Immunohistochemical characterization of the orphan nuclear receptor ROR alpha in the mouse nervous system","volume":"52","author":"Ino","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14875","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1004282107","article-title":"Synaptic input organization of the melanocortin system predicts diet-induced hypothalamic reactive gliosis and obesity","volume":"107","author":"Horvath","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.033","article-title":"Maresin 1 mitigates concanavalin A-induced acute liver injury in mice by inhibiting ROS-mediated activation of NF-\u03baB signaling","volume":"147","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327112472999","article-title":"Evaluation of estrogenic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorinated pesticides using immature rat uterotrophic assay","volume":"32","author":"Uslu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-9-3","article-title":"Temporal course of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and amyloid accumulation in the aging rat brain from three to thirty months","volume":"9","author":"Chiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-8-7","article-title":"Drug transport in brain via the cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"8","author":"Pardridge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R166","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90352.2008","article-title":"Central infusion of aldosterone synthase inhibitor prevents sympathetic hyperactivity and hypertension by central Na+ in Wistar rats","volume":"295","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.196782","article-title":"Central angiotensin-(1-7) improves vagal function independent of blood pressure in hypertensive (mRen2)27 rats","volume":"60","author":"Nautiyal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R222","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00834.2009","article-title":"Effects of central sodium on epithelial sodium channels in rat brain","volume":"299","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2014.04.001","article-title":"Hypothalamic KLF4 mediates leptin\u2019s effects on food intake via AgRP","volume":"3","author":"Imbernon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: An open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70020","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.70020","article-title":"Fam163a knockdown and mitochondrial stress in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus reduce AgRP neuron activity and differentially regulate mitochondrial dynamics in mice","volume":"241","author":"Erdogan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/18\/8039\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T16:43:32Z","timestamp":1788972212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/18\/8039"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27188039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27188039","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]}}}