{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T05:06:30Z","timestamp":1789189590055,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23\u201319-00424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23\u201319-00424"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["23\u201319-00424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23\u201319-00424"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03y2gwe85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["075-00270-26-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-00270-26-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Laser-assisted trophectoderm (TE) biopsy is typically performed with millisecond diode lasers, where thermal effects remain a major safety concern. Femtosecond lasers offer a fundamentally different interaction regime, but their safety profile for TE biopsy has not been evaluated. This study aimed to assess the potential of a femtosecond laser as a tool for TE biopsy in CD1 mouse blastocysts. Biopsies were performed using single pulses at a wavelength of 514 nm with peak intensities of 5.3\u201316 TW\/cm2. The number of pulses required to separate TE samples of different isthmus widths was quantified. The study of biological effects included reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heat-shock proteins (HSP70). Laser exposure at 16 TW\/cm2 enabled an efficient TE biopsy within a clinically relevant number of pulses, without increasing ROS levels and with only limited HSP70 elevation, consistent with an adaptive stress response. A total of 417 embryos were transferred to pseudopregnant females to assess implantation and developmental outcomes. Implantation rates (25.8% vs. 29.6%) and the distribution of developmental outcomes (normal embryos, developmental delay and resorption) did not differ significantly between biopsied and non-exposed blastocysts in the control groups. This supports the further evaluation of femtosecond source as a tool for preimplantation genetic testing procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27188059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T10:27:21Z","timestamp":1789036041000},"page":"8059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Studying the Safety of Trophectoderm Biopsy Using Visible Femtosecond Laser Pulses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5283-5283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry S.","family":"Sitnikov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0323-5967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxim A.","family":"Filatov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia"},{"name":"Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktoria S.","family":"Agentova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3146-409X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inna V.","family":"Il\u2019ina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5432-9205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria A.","family":"Ovchinnikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3923-0159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail A.","family":"Ovchinnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8834-1111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina V.","family":"Kubekina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8205-1914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna V.","family":"Tvorogova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2070-9001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuliya Yu.","family":"Silaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia"},{"name":"Core Facility Centre, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2013.11.018","article-title":"Blastocyst Culture Selects for Euploid Embryos: Comparison of Blastomere and Trophectoderm Biopsies","volume":"28","author":"Adler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod. 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