{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T09:07:16Z","timestamp":1789117636327,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219","award":["853\/9\/22.01.2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["853\/9\/22.01.2026"]}]},{"award":["853\/9\/22.01.2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["853\/9\/22.01.2026"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03gwbzf29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma (MIBUC) is a heterogeneous disease, presenting variable clinical outcomes and therapeutic responses. Although molecular classification provides important prognostic information, its clinical use is limited by cost and technical complexity, making immunohistochemistry (IHC) a practical and reliable surrogate approach. We aimed to investigate the association between IHC-based molecular subtypes and overall survival (OS). We conducted a retrospective study including 75 newly diagnosed MIBUCs over a 4-year period. Tumours were stratified into seven molecular subtypes (LumP, LumNS, LumU, Ba\/Sq, NE-like, stroma-rich, and double-positive) using a five-antibody IHC panel (GATA3, CK5\/6, p16, FGFR3, and EpCAM). Marker expression was evaluated based on staining intensity and the proportion of positive tumour cells, using predefined, marker-specific cut-off values. OS was assessed for each subtype and compared across groups. Median OS ranged from 5 months (NE-like) to 26 months (stroma-rich and double-positive). LumU demonstrated the highest 1-year survival rate, while the double-positive subtype exhibited the most favourable long-term outcomes, at 2 and 5 years. Conversely, NE-like had the lowest 1-year survival rate, whereas the stroma-rich subtype demonstrated the lowest 2- and 5-year survival rates. No statistically significant difference in OS was identified across molecular subtypes (p = 0.714). Patients \u226465 years experienced significantly longer OS than older patients (p = 0.024). OS was comparable between sexes (p = 0.626) and did not differ significantly according to tumour morphology (p = 0.884). IHC-based molecular classification represents a feasible approach to characterize molecular heterogeneity in MIBUC, with further studies needed to clarify its prognostic significance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27188082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T08:17:42Z","timestamp":1789114662000},"page":"8082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunohistochemistry-Based Molecular Classification of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma: Survival Trends Across Molecular Subtypes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4465-859X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrada-Claudia","family":"T\u0103tar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Histology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540011 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6467-6275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Septimiu","family":"Void\u0103zan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrada","family":"Raicea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540011 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Maria-C\u0103t\u0103lina","family":"Popelea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Andrada","family":"Loghin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540011 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Borda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Pathology Department, Targu Mures Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-015-9577-x","article-title":"New advances in genitourinary cancer: Evidence gathered in 2014","volume":"34","author":"Puente","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T\u0103tar, A.C., Loghin, A., Nechifor-Boil\u0103, A., Raicea, A., Popelea, M.C., Chibelean, C., Gherasim, R.D., and Borda, A. 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