{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T09:28:32Z","timestamp":1789464512099,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Development Fund of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2014SGGW"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05srvzs48","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Environmental conditions have an impact on animals\u2019 immune systems. Neutrophils, as key components of innate immunity, rapidly respond to bacterial stimuli through the activation of inflammatory and migratory pathways. This study evaluated the transcriptional and functional responses of neutrophils derived from dogs living under different housing environments following in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Distinct transcriptional profiles were observed among groups in genes associated with leukocyte adhesion (CD11b), chemokine signaling (CXCR1, CXCR2, and CXCL8), and cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-6). Additional cytokine analyses confirmed neutrophil activation and revealed differences in the magnitude and duration of cytokine secretion between groups. These findings indicate that environmental background may be associated with differences in both transcriptional responsiveness and cytokine production in canine neutrophils. Dogs originating from different housing conditions exhibited distinct patterns of inflammatory activation. The combined assessment of gene expression and cytokine secretion provides valuable insight into innate immune adaptation and might represent a useful approach for monitoring immune status in dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27188112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T17:14:59Z","timestamp":1789146899000},"page":"8112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional and Transcriptional Responses of Neutrophils from Dogs Living Under Different Housing Conditions Following In Vitro Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Marek","family":"Kulka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6831-9937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona Monika","family":"Szopa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"R\u00f3\u017cycki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Outpatient Clinic \u201cANDA\u201d, 05-510 Konstancin-Jeziorna, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Klockiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06246","article-title":"Recognition of Microorganisms and Activation of the Immune Response","volume":"449","author":"Medzhitov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5268","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.10.5268","article-title":"Selective Roles for Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 in the Regulation of Neutrophil Activation and Life Span","volume":"170","author":"Sabroe","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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