{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T16:04:30Z","timestamp":1789401870605,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetes mellitus is associated with progressive hepatic injury driven by oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Aucubin, a natural iridoid glycoside, possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; however, its hepatoprotective mechanisms in diabetic liver injury remain unclear. This study investigated the protective effects of aucubin against alloxan-induced diabetic hepatic injury and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Male albino rats were assigned to five groups: normal control, alloxan-induced diabetic, diabetic treated with metformin (150 mg\/kg), and diabetic treated with aucubin (25 or 50 mg\/kg) for 28 days. We evaluated body weight, fasting blood glucose, liver function, lipid profile, oxidative stress biomarkers, inflammatory cytokines, and hepatic expression of Nrf2, HO-1, NF-\u03baB p65, Bax, and Bcl-2, along with histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. Alloxan induced marked hyperglycemia, weight loss, hepatic dysfunction, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Aucubin significantly ameliorated these alterations, with the 50 mg\/kg dose generally showing greater effects than the 25 mg\/kg dose. Aucubin improved liver function, ameliorated dyslipidemia, reduced lipid peroxidation, enhanced antioxidant defenses, increased Nrf2 and HO-1 expression, attenuated NF-\u03baB p65 expression and pro-inflammatory cytokines, favorably modulated the Bax\/Bcl-2 balance, preserved hepatic architecture, and increased Ki-67 immunoreactivity, indicating enhanced cellular proliferative activity. These findings indicate that aucubin is associated with improved hepatic antioxidant, inflammatory, apoptotic, and metabolic status in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27188184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:19:04Z","timestamp":1789399144000},"page":"8184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aucubin Ameliorates Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Liver Injury in Association with Modulation of the Nrf2\/HO-1 Antioxidant Axis and NF-\u03baB-Associated Inflammatory and Apoptotic Signaling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5995-8358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amany M.","family":"Hamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, 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