{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:41:36Z","timestamp":1789486896161,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Science and Technology Projects in Xinjiang","award":["2023A02006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A02006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bamboo compost is a renewable organic material that can replace peat and enhance plant resistance to insect pests. However, its combined effects on tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.) growth, defense responses, and underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, bamboo compost was incorporated into growing substrates at varying proportions (5\u201330%) to assess its impact on tomato seedling growth, physiological and biochemical traits, and the survival of the South American tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were further integrated to characterize molecular changes associated with enhanced resistance. The results showed that 10% bamboo compost increased plant height and stem diameter by 25.91% and 10.19%, respectively, while higher proportions inhibited seedling growth. All bamboo compost treatments significantly reduced Tuta absoluta. larval survival, with the lowest day-10 survival (16%) observed under BC\u221220%. Multi-omics analyses identified 1553 and 2591 DEGs and 292 and 591 DAMs in the BC\u221210% vs. CK and BC\u221220% vs. CK comparisons, respectively; 290 differentially expressed transcription factor-encoding genes were identified across both comparisons. BC\u221220% showed broader defense-related transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming, including MAPK and phytohormone signaling, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, and cutin and wax formation, but with reduced growth. Overall, BC\u221210% represents a suitable practical addition rate for promoting tomato seedling growth in peat-reduced cultivation substrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27188209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:33:42Z","timestamp":1789479222000},"page":"8209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Dose\u2212Dependent Effects of Bamboo Compost on Tomato Growth and Resistance to Tuta absoluta"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7468-3211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renbin","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Limin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China"},{"name":"Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui 323000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3613-8267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhan","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Gul","family":"Hina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Aiwu","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China"},{"name":"China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou 310012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1723-8432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaobin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6174-1425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farman","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yikun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xianjun","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Liangjian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1849-7743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Qianggen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2013.11.003","article-title":"The history of tomato: From domestication to biopharming","volume":"32","author":"Bergougnoux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200600158","article-title":"Antioxidant nutritional quality of tomato","volume":"51","author":"Frusciante","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.136815","article-title":"Lignocellulosic biomass from agricultural waste to the circular economy","volume":"402","author":"Mujtaba","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-022-01551-5","article-title":"Recycling municipal, agricultural and industrial waste into energy, fertilizers, food and construction materials","volume":"21","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"167977","article-title":"Greenhouse gas emissions from bio-based growing media","volume":"900","author":"Hashemi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirschler, O., and Thr\u00e4n, D. (2023). Peat substitution in horticulture. Horticulturae, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae9080919"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s40725-023-00204-2","article-title":"Sustainable materials composing growing media for forest seedling production","volume":"9","author":"Mariotti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. For. Rep."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sdao, A.E., Gruda, N.S., and De Lucia, B. (2025). Beyond peat: Wood fiber and novel organic byproducts as growing media. Plants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14131945"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aurdal, S.M., Stokke, M., and B\u00f8rve, J. (2022). Wood fiber-based growing media for strawberry cultivation. Horticulturae, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae9010036"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iroegbu, A.O.C., and Ray, S.S. (2021). Bamboos: From bioresource to sustainable materials and chemicals. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su132112200"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e16311","article-title":"Pretreatment and composting technology of agricultural organic waste","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12345","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c06516","article-title":"Additive-mediated composting technology for agricultural waste resources","volume":"9","author":"Noor","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-San Mart\u00edn, A., Garc\u00eda, C., and Mataix, J. (2023). Spectroscopy techniques for monitoring the composting process. Agronomy, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13092245"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Complementing compost with biochar for agriculture, soil remediation and climate mitigation","volume":"179","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Agron."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adamczewska-Sowi\u0144ska, K., Sowi\u0144ski, J., and Jamroz, E. (2021). Combining willow compost and peat for tomato transplant production. Agronomy, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11102089"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adamczewska-Sowi\u0144ska, K., Sowi\u0144ski, J., and Jamroz, E. (2024). Peat replacement by willow biomass compost for cucumber transplants. Front. Plant Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1348073"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI17257-23","article-title":"Greenhouse cucumber in soilless media amended with biochar and compost","volume":"58","author":"Venkataramani","year":"2023","journal-title":"HortScience"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zawadzi\u0144ska, A., Salachna, P., Nowak, J.S., Kowalczyk, W., Piechocki, R., \u0141opusiewicz, \u0141., and Pietrak, A. (2022). Compost Based on Pulp and Paper Mill Sludge, Fruit-Vegetable Waste, Mushroom Spent Substrate and Rye Straw Improves Yield and Nutritional Value of Tomato. Agronomy, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12010013"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins, T., Dourado, M., and Alves, M. (2023). Coir-based media with municipal compost and biochar for lettuce seedlings. Horticulturae, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae9010105"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"9601","article-title":"Agro-industrial residues as potting media","volume":"11","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomass Convers. Biorefinery"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akanmu, A.O., Babalola, O.O., and Venturi, V. (2021). Organic amendments and plant disease management. Front. Plant Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.700507"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s40538-022-00332-0","article-title":"Organic matter in pest and plant disease control","volume":"9","author":"Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pilla, N., Orsini, F., and Gianquinto, G. (2023). Effect of compost tea in horticulture. Horticulturae, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae9090984"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-022-05634-8","article-title":"Humic biostimulants and microbial inoculum improve lettuce metabolism","volume":"480","author":"Savarese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rehman, S.U., Zhang, H., and Li, J. (2023). Vermicompost and plant stress resistance. Agronomy, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13041134"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"1234","article-title":"How biochar works, and when it does not","volume":"13","author":"Joseph","year":"2021","journal-title":"GCB Bioenergy"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8563","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85633-4","article-title":"Biochar, compost and PGPR in tomato early blight management","volume":"11","author":"Rasool","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iacomino, G., Sardo, L., and Punzo, B. (2022). Suppressive effects of biochar on pathogens and pests. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11223144"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148544","article-title":"Feeding guild determines top-down forces under bottom-up constraints","volume":"800","author":"Becker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murtaza, G., Wakeel, A., and Naz, M. (2023). Biochar-soil-plant interactions. Front. Environ. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2023.1059449"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, L., Li, X., and Wang, J. (2023). Bamboo charcoal mediated plant secondary metabolites in tomato against Tuta absoluta. Front. Sustain. Food Syst., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2023.1101151"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"883","article-title":"Bottom-up effects of bamboo-charcoal soil amendment on Bemisia tabaci","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Entomol. Gen."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2022.104393","article-title":"Biochar and compost amendments to a coarse-textured temperate agricultural soil lead to nutrient leaching","volume":"173","author":"Angst","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azeem, M., Hale, L., Montgomery, J., Crowley, D.E., and McGiffen, M.E. (2020). Biochar and compost effects on soil microbial communities and nitrogen induced respiration in turfgrass soils. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242209"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2018.12.025","article-title":"Effects of composted bamboo residue amendments on soil microbial communities in an intensively managed bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) plantation","volume":"136","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2017.12.043","article-title":"Testing composted bamboo residues with and without added effective microorganisms as a renewable alternative to peat in horticultural production","volume":"112","author":"Zhong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"123","article-title":"Phenylalanine induces tomato resistance to Tuta absoluta","volume":"117","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86191","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-86191-9","article-title":"Non-targeted metabolomics reveals resistance to whitefly and tomato leafminer","volume":"15","author":"Kumaraswamy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roumani, M., Al-Rawashdeh, M., and Al-Dmoor, R. (2023). Phenolamides and phenolamide-enriched tomato leaf extracts. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28041552"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serag, A., El-Meihy, R., and El-Saadony, M. (2023). Metabolic reprogramming in plants under pathogen attacks. Metabolites, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13030424"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naik, B., Mishra, S., and Joshi, R. (2023). Genomics, proteomics and metabolomics in tomato stress tolerance. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24033025"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Q., Wang, X., Tzin, V., Romeis, J., Peng, Y., and Li, Y. (2016). Combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses to understand the dynamic responses of rice plants to attack by the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). BMC Plant Biol., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-016-0946-6"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s11103-020-01005-y","article-title":"Transcriptional and metabolite analysis reveal a shift in direct and indirect defences in response to spider-mite infestation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus)","volume":"103","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1093\/mp\/ssu049","article-title":"Growth\u2013Defense Tradeoffs in Plants: A Balancing Act to Optimize Fitness","volume":"7","author":"Huot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2024.113342","article-title":"An in-depth analysis of sustainable practices in vegetable seedlings nurseries: A review","volume":"334","author":"Gruda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"114978","article-title":"Biochar in growing media for fruit crops: Agronomic performance and implications for substrate formulation","volume":"360","author":"Bini","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.120323","article-title":"Microbial activity in peat-reduced plant growing media: Identifying influential growing medium constituents and physicochemical properties using fractional factorial design of experiments","volume":"256","author":"Ameloot","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70091","DOI":"10.1111\/sum.70091","article-title":"Improving the Sustainability of Tomato Production with Biochar and Biofertilizers in Emilia-Romagna, Italy","volume":"41","author":"Graziano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soil Use Manag."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-021-01442-8","article-title":"Integrated Pest Management of Tuta absoluta: Practical Implementations across Different World Regions","volume":"95","author":"Desneux","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pest Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-06-20-0248-RVW","article-title":"The use of biochar for plant pathogen control","volume":"111","author":"Poveda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Tender, C., Vandecasteele, B., Verstraeten, B., Ommeslag, S., Kyndt, T., and Debode, J. (2021). Biochar-enhanced resistance to Botrytis cinerea in strawberry fruits but not leaves is associated with changes in the rhizosphere microbiome. Front. Plant Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.700479"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-022-00164-z","article-title":"A quantitative evaluation of the biochar\u2019s influence on plant disease suppress: A global meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maldonado Machado da Cruz, V.H., Rutz da Silva, T., Gimenez Cremonez, P., Biscaia Ribeiro da Silva, A.L., Vergilio Visentainer, J., and Rodrigues, C. (2026). Tomato secondary metabolites as natural regulators of Bemisia tabaci behavior and performance: Current applicability and prospects. Front. Plant Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1704832"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-22-5-0487","article-title":"Primary Metabolism and Plant Defense\u2014Fuel for the Fire","volume":"22","author":"Bolton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rojas, C.M., Senthil-Kumar, M., Tzin, V., and Mysore, K.S. (2014). Regulation of Primary Plant Metabolism during Plant-Pathogen Interactions and Its Contribution to Plant Defense. Front. Plant Sci., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2014.00017"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Divekar, P.A., Sivakumar, P.V., and Srinivasan, R. (2022). Plant secondary metabolites as defense tools against herbivores for sustainable crop protection. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052690"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramaroson, M.L., Andriantsiferana, R., and Rajaonson, M.J. (2022). Role of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids in plant resistance to pests and diseases. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27238371"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roumani, M., Le Bot, J., Boisbrun, M., Magot, F., P\u00e9r\u00e9, A., Robin, C., Hilliou, F., and Larbat, R. (2022). Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses reveal high induction of the phenolamide pathway in tomato plants attacked by the leafminer Tuta absoluta. Metabolites, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12060484"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, L., Li, X., Wang, J., He, T., Huang, J., Zhang, Z., Wang, Y., Hafeez, M., Zhou, S., and Ren, X. (2021). Comprehensive metabolome and volatilome analyses in eggplant and tomato reveal their differential responses to Tuta absoluta infestation. Front. Plant Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.757230"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53817","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202153817","article-title":"MAP kinase cascades in plant development and immune signaling","volume":"23","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, C., Xu, M., Cai, X., Han, Z., Si, J., and Chen, D. (2022). Jasmonate signaling pathway modulates plant defense, growth, and their trade-offs. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073945"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arya, G.C., Sarkar, S., Manasherova, E., Aharoni, A., and Cohen, H. (2021). The plant cuticle: An ancient guardian barrier set against long-standing rivals. Front. Plant Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.663165"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"kiaf101","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiaf101","article-title":"Flavonoids enhance tomato plant resistance to whitefly by interfering with the expression of a salivary effector","volume":"197","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kajla, M., Roy, A., Singh, I.K., and Singh, A. (2023). Regulation of the regulators: Transcription factors controlling biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites during biotic stresses and their regulation by miRNAs. Front. Plant Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1126567"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwon, S., and Ryu, C.M. (2024). Triple interactions for induced systemic resistance in plants. Front. Plant Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1464710"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-006-9077-5","article-title":"Evaluating the relationship between leaf chlorophyll concentration and SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter readings","volume":"91","author":"Uddling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.17221\/110\/2024-HORTSCI","article-title":"Short- and long-term effects of elevated CO2 on the growth and nitrogen content of Panax japonicus","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hortic. Sci."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Hu, S., Wang, X., Yue, J., Chen, D., Han, M., Qiao, W., Wang, Y., and Wang, H. (2025). Response of anatomical structure and active component accumulation in Apocynum venetum L. under saline stress and alkali stress. Plants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14142223"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhoi, T.K., Mahanta, D.K., Samal, I., and Jangra, S. (2026). Plant defense activation by endophytic Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana fungi against subterranean termites. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27093833"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"uhaf085","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhaf085","article-title":"CsWRKY17 enhances Al accumulation by promoting pectin deesterification in tea plant","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hortic. Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/18\/8209\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:34:27Z","timestamp":1789479267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/18\/8209"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27188209"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27188209","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]}}}