{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:02:21Z","timestamp":1789621341743,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AIRC","award":["27667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["27667"]}]},{"award":["27667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["27667"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02g2x7380","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents the emerging leading cause of Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) worldwide, with a global prevalence of approximately 30% in the general population that parallels global rates of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Although two drugs (Resmetirom and Semaglutide) have been recently approved for clinical use, their ability to block or slow down disease progression to metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) and liver fibrosis is limited to a subset of patients, and no data are available at present for the efficacy of these drugs in compensated cirrhosis or in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Moreover, there is a lack of reliable biomarkers able to identify MASH patients at risk of disease progression and\/or HCC development. In line with the knowledge that pro-inflammatory cytokines play a key role in MASLD\/MASH progression and HCC development, in this review, we will discuss the role in this disease and other CLDs of Oncostatin M (OSM), a cytokine belonging to the IL6 family, and of pathways involving OSM and its receptor \u03b2 (OSM\/OSMR\u03b2 axis). OSM and related pathways are emerging as selective in sustaining disease progression by promoting chronic inflammation and fibrogenesis. The OSM\/OSMR\u03b2 axis is proposed to be involved in MASH-related HCC development by affecting proliferation, angiogenesis, invasiveness and metastasis as well as by reshaping the MASH-related tumor immune microenvironment. OSM and the OSM\/OSMR\u03b2 axis are emerging as a candidate biomarker and putative MASH-related therapeutic target.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27188213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:33:42Z","timestamp":1789479222000},"page":"8213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Role of the OSM\/OSMR\u03b2 Axis in Chronic Liver Disease Progression and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development: A Focus on MASLD\/MASH"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7973-9681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Foglia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Nurcis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Signorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Novo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Bocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9883-6882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Cannito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7720-5141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Parola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.01.001","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Disease burden and disease awareness","volume":"27","author":"Golabi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.05.036","article-title":"Modeling NAFLD disease burden in China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States for the period 2016\u20132030","volume":"69","author":"Estes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-025-01045-z","article-title":"\u039cetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A condition of heterogeneous metabolic risk factors, mechanisms and comorbidities requiring holistic treatment","volume":"22","author":"Byrne","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.06.003","article-title":"NAFLD Nomenclature consensus group. A multi-society Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature","volume":"79","author":"Rinella","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"67","author":"Chalasani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32511-3","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"397","author":"Powell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00381-6","article-title":"Global epidemiology of NAFLD-related HCC: Trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00825-3","article-title":"Global trends in hepatocellular carcinoma epidemiology: Implications for screening, prevention and therapy","volume":"20","author":"Singal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"10571","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma: Epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"7","author":"Mauro","year":"2025","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2023.101231","article-title":"Liver fibrosis in NAFLD\/NASH: From pathophysiology towards diagnostic and therapeutic strategies","volume":"95","author":"Parola","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geng, Y., Liu, L., Sun, Y., Guo, L., Wu, Y., and Jia, Z. (2025). Metabolic dysregulation in MASLD-associated HCC: Diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic opportunities. Front. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1705723"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-026-01187-8","article-title":"Therapeutic targets for metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis: A personalized approach to disease management","volume":"23","author":"Rinella","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.08.062","article-title":"Efficacy of immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: Does liver disease etiology have a role?","volume":"56","author":"Pinto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Jin, K., Fang, J., Ma, X., He, J., Lu, J., Jia, Z., and Shi, A. (2026). Immune crosstalk in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Interactions between innate and adaptive immunity. Front. Immunol., 17.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1835197"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.015","article-title":"Mechanisms and disease consequences of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"184","author":"Loomba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piccinin, E., Villani, G., and Moschetta, A. (2026). Cholesterol-LXR axis in metabolic regulation of liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis. Trends Endocrinol. Metab., online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2026.03.011"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0037-x","article-title":"Liver X receptors in lipid signalling and membrane homeostasis","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.03.002","article-title":"Uncoupling nuclear receptor LXR and cholesterol metabolism in cancer","volume":"21","author":"Bovenga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2831","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.850400","article-title":"Role of LXRs in control of lipogenesis","volume":"14","author":"Schultz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-315691","article-title":"Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis: Sublethal hepatocyte injury as a driver of liver inflammation","volume":"67","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2014.11.005","article-title":"Death receptor-mediated cell death and proinflammatory signaling in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"1","author":"Hirsova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0009-6","article-title":"Triggering and resolution of inflammation in NASH","volume":"15","author":"Schuster","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2021.167271","article-title":"Pyroptosis in steatohepatitis and liver diseases","volume":"434","author":"Knorr","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.05.003","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming in liver fibrosis","volume":"36","author":"Horn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.11.014","article-title":"Lipotoxicity and the gut-liver axis in NASH pathogenesis","volume":"68","author":"Marra","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R066357","article-title":"Lipotoxic lethal and sublethal stress signaling in hepatocytes: Relevance to NASH pathogenesis","volume":"57","author":"Hirsova","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ra88","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2004512","article-title":"Lipid-induced toxicity stimulates hepatocytes to release angiogenic microparticles that require Vanin-1 for uptake by endothelial cells","volume":"6","author":"Povero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2015.07.007","article-title":"Lipid-induced hepatocyte-derived extracellular vesicles regulate hepatic stellate cell via microRNAs targeting PPAR-\u03b3","volume":"1","author":"Povero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cannito, S., Morello, E., Bocca, C., Foglia, B., Benetti, E., Novo, E., Chiazza, F., Rogazzo, M., Fantozzi, R., and Povero, D. (2017). Microvesicles released from fat-laden cells promote activation of hepatocellular NLRP3 inflammasome: A pro-inflammatory link between lipotoxicity and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172575"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.01.037","article-title":"Genetic factors that affect risk of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"150","author":"Anstee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0212-0","article-title":"Genetic contributions to NAFLD: Leveraging shared genetics to uncover systems biology","volume":"17","author":"Eslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.09.003","article-title":"Genetics and epigenetics of NAFLD and NASH: Clinical impact","volume":"68","author":"Eslam","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.02.020","article-title":"Update on NAFLD genetics: From new variants to the clinic","volume":"72","author":"Valenti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.05.052","article-title":"Genetics of Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease: The state of the art update","volume":"22","author":"Sookoian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.11.311","article-title":"Mechanisms of fibrosis development in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"158","author":"Schwabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.06.012","article-title":"Immune mechanisms linking metabolic injury to inflammation and fibrosis in fatty liver disease\u2014Novel insights into cellular communication circuits","volume":"77","author":"Peiseler","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100524","article-title":"Understanding the cellular interactome of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"4","author":"Wallace","year":"2022","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0304-x","article-title":"Single-cell technologies in hepatology: New insights into liver biology and disease pathogenesis","volume":"17","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.06.004","article-title":"Single-cell genomics and spatial transcriptomics: Discovery of novel cell states and cellular interactions in liver physiology and disease biology","volume":"73","author":"Saviano","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0210-2","article-title":"Adaptive immunity: An emerging player in the progression of NAFLD","volume":"17","author":"Sutti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"175","article-title":"Liver Macrophage Diversity in Health and Disease","volume":"Volume 74","author":"Kloc","year":"2024","journal-title":"Monocytes and Macrophages in Development, Regeneration, and Disease. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108626","article-title":"Dynamic shifts in the composition of resident and recruited macrophages influence tissue re-modeling in NASH","volume":"34","author":"Daemen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarantino, G., and Citro, V. (World J. Gastroenterol., 2026). Liver-spleen axis: Deciphering a crucial crosstalk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression and therapeutic implications, World J. Gastroenterol., in press.","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.119467"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3683","article-title":"Hypersplenism: History and current status","volume":"12","author":"Lv","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005446418589","article-title":"Spleen enlargement in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver: Correlation between degree of fatty infiltration in liver and size of spleen","volume":"45","author":"Tsushima","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"228","article-title":"Hepato-splenic axis: Hepatic and splenic metabolic activities are linked","volume":"8","author":"Keramida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2021.1914587","article-title":"Liver-spleen axis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"15","author":"Tarantino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-9-136","article-title":"Liver- spleen axis, insulin-like growth factor-(IGF)-I axis and fat mass in overweight\/obese females","volume":"9","author":"Savastano","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3141","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2017.1353479","article-title":"Nutrition, inflammation and liver-spleen axis","volume":"58","author":"Barrea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2025.112518","article-title":"The spleen-liver axis supports obesity-induced systemic and fatty liver inflammation via MDSC and NKT cell enrichment","volume":"601","author":"Brummer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32782","article-title":"CD11b + CD43 hi Ly6C lo splenocyte-derived macrophages exacerbate liver fibrosis via spleen-liver axis","volume":"77","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Wang, Y., Wei, K., Nie, W., Feng, Y., Shi, Z., Xiao, H., Xie, W., Lin, Y., and Zeng, X. (2026). Metabolically and epigenetically reprogrammed splenic TRNP1hiCD8+ T cells exacerbate liver fibrosis. Nat. Genet., online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-026-02660-5"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-306842","article-title":"Pathobiology of liver fibrosis: A translational success story","volume":"64","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2018.09.002","article-title":"Liver fibrosis: Pathophysiology, pathogenetic targets and clinical issues","volume":"65","author":"Parola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"100524","article-title":"Antifibrotic therapies for metabolic dysfunction-assoiated steatotic liver disease","volume":"4","author":"Schwabe","year":"2025","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.10.026","article-title":"The power of plasticity-metabolic regulation of hepatic stellate cells","volume":"33","author":"Trivedi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krenkel, O., Hundertmark, J., Ritz, T.P., Weiskirchen, R., and Tacke, F. (2019). Single cell RNA sequencing identifies subsets of hepatic stellate cells and myofibroblasts in liver fibrosis. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8050503"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.07.028","article-title":"Landscape of intercellular crosstalk in healthy and NASH liver revealed by single-cell secretome gene analysis","volume":"75","author":"Xiong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s10254-003-0013-1","article-title":"Oncostatin M, a multifunctional cytokine","volume":"149","author":"Tanaka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9739","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.24.9739","article-title":"Oncostatin M: A growth regulator produced by differentiated histiocytic lymphoma cells","volume":"83","author":"Zarling","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3645","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612823666170704122559","article-title":"Oncostatin M: Potential Implications for Malignancy and Metabolism","volume":"23","author":"Stephens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107158","article-title":"Oncostatin M: A mysterious cytokine in cancers","volume":"90","author":"Masjedi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caligiuri, A., Gitto, S., Lori, G., Marra, F., Parola, M., Cannito, S., and Gentilini, A. (2022). Oncostatin M: From intracellular signaling to therapeutic targets in liver cancer. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14174211"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolf, C.L., Pruett, C., Lighter, D., and Jorcyk, C.L. (2023). The clinical relevance of OSM in inflammatory diseases: A comprehensive review. Front. Immunol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1239732"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8641","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.19.8641","article-title":"Oncostatin M is a member of a cytokine family that includes leukemia-inhibitory factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin 6","volume":"88","author":"Rose","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2015.07.006","article-title":"Oncostatin M and interleukin-31: Cytokines, receptors, signal transduction and physiology","volume":"26","author":"Hermanns","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5871","article-title":"Oncostatin M is overexpressed in NASH-related hepatocellular carcinoma and promotes cancer cell invasiveness and angiogenesis","volume":"257","author":"Foglia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"240","article-title":"Tandem linkage of genes coding for leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and oncostatin M (OSM) on human chromosome 22","volume":"64","author":"Giovannini","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cytogenet. Cell Genet."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-4666(93)90048-A","article-title":"Close proximity of the genes for leukemia inhibitory factor and oncostatin M","volume":"5","author":"Jeffery","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00443.x","article-title":"Mouse oncostatin M: An immediate early gene induced by multiple cytokines through the JAK-STAT5 pathway","volume":"15","author":"Yoshimura","year":"1996","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4649","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.23.4649","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of the human oncostatin M promoter","volume":"27","author":"Ma","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5334","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-13-05334.2002","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 is a novel inducer of Oncostatin M expression in macrophages and microglia","volume":"22","author":"Repovic","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2011.47","article-title":"Oncostatin M produced in Kupffer cells in response to PGE2: Possible contributor to hepatic insulin resistance and steatosis","volume":"91","author":"Henkel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3065","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C100685200","article-title":"MK2 targets AU-rich elements and regulates niosynthesis of tumor necrosis factor and Interleukin-6 independently at different post-transcriptional Levels","volume":"277","author":"Neininger","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"1882","article-title":"Cleavage of a hydrophilic C-terminal domain increases growth-inhibitory activity of oncostatin M","volume":"10","author":"Linsley","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3242","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110011200","article-title":"Interstitial Collagens I, III, and VI Sequester and Modulate the Multifunctional Cytokine Oncostatin M","volume":"277","author":"Somasundaram","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.11.007","article-title":"Oncostatin M binds to extracellular matrix in a bioactive conformation: Implications for inflammation and metastasis","volume":"72","author":"Ryan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s109-1998-8105-3","article-title":"Oncostatin M stimulates excessive extracellular matrix accumulation in a transgenic mouse model of connective tissue disease","volume":"76","author":"Bamber","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2014.81","article-title":"Oncostatin M overexpression induces matrix deposition, STAT3 activation, and SMAD1 Dysregulation in lungs of fibrosis-resistant BALB\/c mice","volume":"94","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3340297","article-title":"Interleukin-6-type cytokine signalling through the gp130\/Jak\/STAT pathway","volume":"334","author":"Heinrich","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-4310(99)01540-3","article-title":"The oncostatin M signalling pathway: Reversing the neoplastic phenotype?","volume":"5","author":"Grant","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Today"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20030407","article-title":"Principles of interleukin (IL)-6-type cytokine signalling and its regulation","volume":"374","author":"Heinrich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2005.03.015","article-title":"Oncostatin M-induced activation of stress-activated MAP kinases depends on tyrosine 861 in the OSM receptor and requires Jak1 but not Src kinases","volume":"18","author":"Stross","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25273","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M002296200","article-title":"Receptor subunit-specific action of oncostatin M in hepatic cells and its modulation by leukemia inhibitory factor","volume":"275","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8740","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.12.8740","article-title":"Oncostatin M-induced IL-6 expression in murine fibroblasts requires the activation of protein kinase C delta","volume":"177","author":"Smyth","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nurcis, J., Foglia, B., Rosso, C., Provera, A., Vecchio, C., Maggiora, M., Gambella, A., Chianese, U., Bocca, C., and Caviglia, G.P. (2026). The role of OSM\/OSMR\u03b2 axis in shaping the tumor microenvironment favoring MASLD-related HCC immune evasion. Hepatology, online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000001733"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5547","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.9.5547","article-title":"Regulation of inflammatory responses by oncostatin M","volume":"162","author":"Wallace","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii75","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.90003.iii75","article-title":"Oncostatin M in the anti-inflammatory response","volume":"60","author":"Wahl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7243","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.10.7243","article-title":"Mechanisms of oncostatin M-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis","volume":"181","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13511-z","article-title":"Overexpression of OSM and IL-6 impacts the polarization of pro-fibrotic macrophages and the development of bleomycin-induced lung fibro sis","volume":"7","author":"Ayaub","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.3109\/01902140902906412","article-title":"Oncostatin m (osm) is increased in asthma with incompletely reversible airflow obstruction","volume":"35","author":"Simpson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Lung. Res."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4307","article-title":"Oncostatin M drives intestinal inflammation and predicts response to tumor necrosis factor\u2013neutralizing the rapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"23","author":"West","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05208-9","article-title":"High oncostatin M predicts lack of clinical remission for patients with inflammatory bowel disease on tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 antagonists","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanlon, M.M., Rakovich, T., Cunningham, C.C., Ansboro, S., Veale, D.J., Fearon, U., and McGarry, T. (2019). STAT3 mediates the differential effects of oncostatinMand TNFa on RA synovial fibroblast and endothelial cell function. Front. Immunol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02056"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40569","article-title":"JAK\/STAT blockade alters synovial bioenergetics, mitochondrial function, and proinflammatory mediators in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"70","author":"McGarry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200111)44:11<2697::AID-ART450>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Amelioration of arthritis in two murine models using antibodies to oncostatin M","volume":"44","author":"Buckton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M074112","article-title":"Oncostatin M receptor \u03b2 deficiency attenuates atherogenesis by inhibiting JAK2\/STAT3 signaling in macrophages","volume":"58","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.02.003","article-title":"Oncostatin M is expressed in atherosclerotic lesions: A role for Oncostatin M in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis","volume":"216","author":"Murray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Keulen, D., Pouwer, M.G., Emilsson, V., Matic, L.P., Pieterman, E.J., Hedin, U., Gudnason, V., Jennings, L.L., Holmstr\u00f8m, K., and Nielsen, B.S. (2019). Oncostatin Mreduces atherosclerosis development in APOE3Leiden.CETP mice and is associated with increased survival probability in humans. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221477"},{"key":"ref_100","first-page":"317905","article-title":"OSM enhances angiogenesis and improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction","volume":"2015","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2016.11.004","article-title":"OSM mitigates postinfarction cardiac remodeling and dysfunction by up-regulating autophagy through Mst1 suppression","volume":"1863","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25776","article-title":"Direct anti-cancer effect of oncostatin M on chondrosarcoma","volume":"128","author":"David","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1999.0614","article-title":"Autocrine and paracrine regulation by cytokines and growth Factors in melanoma","volume":"12","author":"Hegyesi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(00)00003-4","article-title":"Role of oncostatin M in hematopoiesis and liver development","volume":"11","author":"Miyajima","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.04.020","article-title":"Expression of oncostatin M and its receptors in normal and cirrhotic human liver","volume":"43","author":"Znoyko","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80066-5","article-title":"Oncostatin M: A cytokine upregulated in human cirrhosis, increases collagen production by human hepatic stellate cells","volume":"32","author":"Levy","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20086","article-title":"Hepatocyte proliferation and tissue remodeling is impaired after liver injury in oncostatin M receptor knockout mice","volume":"39","author":"Nakamura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62292-4","article-title":"Oncostatin M inhibits proliferation of rat oval cells, OC15-5, inducing differentiation into hepatocytes","volume":"166","author":"Okaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060972","article-title":"Oncostatin M gene therapy attenuates liver damage induced by dime thylnitrosamine in rats","volume":"171","author":"Hamada","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22928","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor 1\u03b1 is up-regulated by oncostatin M and participates in oncostatin M signaling","volume":"50","author":"Vollmer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3233\/CBM-2012-00276","article-title":"Interleukin-6 and oncostatin M are elevated in liver disease in conjunction with candidate hepatocellular carcinoma biomarker GP73","volume":"11","author":"Liang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Biomark."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.30572.x","article-title":"Disease- and cell-specific expression of GP73 in human liver disease","volume":"99","author":"Iftikhar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22843","article-title":"Golgi phosphoprotein 2 (GOLPH2) expression in liver tumors and its value as a serum mar ker in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"49","author":"Reiner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00265-3","article-title":"Oncostatin M stimulates tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 via a MEK-sensitive mechanism in human myofibroblasts","volume":"36","author":"Sohara","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29421","article-title":"Oncostatin M causes liver fibrosis by regulating cooperation between hepatic stellate cells and macrophages in mice","volume":"67","author":"Matsuda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foglia, B., Sutti, S., Pedicini, D., Cannito, S., Bocca, C., Maggiora, M., Bevacqua, M.R., Rosso, C., Bugianesi, E., and Albano, E. (2019). Oncostatin M, A Profibrogenic Mediator Overexpressed in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Stimulates Migration of Hepatic Myofibroblasts. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010028"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sung, P.S., Kim, C.M., Cha, J.H., Park, J.Y., Yu, Y.S., Wang, H.J., Kim, J.K., and Bae, S.H. (2022). A Unique Immune-Related Gene Signature Represents Advanced Liver Fibrosis and Reveals Potential Therapeutic Targets. Biomedicines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10010180"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.11.009","article-title":"Mechanism and Effect of HNF4alpha Decrease in a Rat Model of Cirrhosis and Liver Failure","volume":"17","author":"Melis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70372","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70372","article-title":"Yes-associated protein in hepatocytes protects against early alcohol-associated liver disease","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00571-w","article-title":"Hippo Signalling in the Liver: Rolein Development, Regeneration and Disease","volume":"19","author":"Russell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113166","article-title":"Roles of Yes-associated protein and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif in non-neoplastic liver liseases","volume":"151","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13821","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.542399","article-title":"Deficiency of oncostatin M receptor \u03b2 (OSMR\u03b2) exacerbates high-fat diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders in mice","volume":"289","author":"Komori","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.12.028","article-title":"Hepatic oncostatin M receptor \u03b2 regulates obesity-induced steatosis and insulin resistance","volume":"186","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.03.228","article-title":"Macrophage-derived Osteopontin (SPP1) protects from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"165","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M078980","article-title":"Osteopontin regulates the cross-talk between phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol metabolism in mouse liver","volume":"58","author":"Buque","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31582","article-title":"Osteopontin takes center stage in chronic liver disease","volume":"73","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)55254-6","article-title":"Oncostatin M up-regulates low density lipoprotein receptors in HepG2 cells by a novel mechanism","volume":"266","author":"Grove","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_128","first-page":"611","article-title":"Induction of Egr-1 by oncostatin M precedes up-regulation of low density lipoprotein receptors in HepG2 cells","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell Growth Differ."},{"key":"ref_129","first-page":"1333","article-title":"Oncostatin M activates low density lipoprotein receptor gene transcription in sterol-repressed liver cells","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell Growth Differ."},{"key":"ref_130","first-page":"331","article-title":"Regulation of fibrinogen biosynthesis by cytokines, consequences on the vascular risk","volume":"26","author":"Vasse","year":"1996","journal-title":"Haemostasis"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1996.0154","article-title":"Glucocorticoids inhibit oncostatin M-induced phospholipase A2 gene expression in human hepatoma cells","volume":"9","author":"Haselmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5648","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.11.5648","article-title":"Oncostatin M stimulates the expression and release of the IL-6 receptor in human hepatoma HepG2 cells","volume":"159","author":"Cichy","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hep.2003.09.029","article-title":"DNA methylation controls the responsiveness of hepatoma cells to leukemia inhibitory factor","volume":"38","author":"Blanchard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.06.030","article-title":"The epidermal growth factor receptor ligand amphiregulin is a negative regulator of hepatic acute-phase gene expression","volume":"51","author":"Latasa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6129","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-0404","article-title":"Amphiregulin contributes to the transformed phenotype of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells","volume":"66","author":"Castillo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4687","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-4210","article-title":"Oncostatin m renders epithelial cell adhesion molecule-positive liver cancer stem cells sensitive to 5-Fluorouracil by inducing hepatocytic differentiation","volume":"70","author":"Yamashita","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.8.2127","article-title":"Fetal liver development requires a paracrine action of oncostatin M through the gp130 signal transducer","volume":"18","author":"Kamiya","year":"1999","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2016.12.006","article-title":"Crosstalk between different family members: IL27 recapitulates IFN\u03b3 responses in HCC cells, but is inhibited by IL6-type cytokines","volume":"1864","author":"Rolvering","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell. Res."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.10.011","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus enhances interleukin-27 expression both in vivo and in vitro","volume":"131","author":"Zhu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kao, J.T., Feng, C.L., Yu, C.J., Tsai, S.M., Hsu, P.N., Chen, Y.L., and Wu, Y.Y. (2015). IL-6, through p-STAT3 rather than p-STAT1, activates hepatocarcinogenesis and affects survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients: A cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-015-0283-5"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.173","article-title":"Immunological landscape and immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Prieto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.MA1217-495R","article-title":"The PD-L1- and IL6-mediated dampening of the IL27\/STAT1 anticancer responses are prevented by \u03b1-PD-L1 or \u03b1-IL6 antibodies","volume":"104","author":"Rolvering","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2021.05.039","article-title":"Oncostatin M promotes hepatic progenitor cell activation and hepatocarcinogenesis via macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1","volume":"517","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.004","article-title":"Glycolytic activation of monocytes regulates the accumulation and function of neutrophils in human hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"73","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.08.041","article-title":"Peritumoral neutrophils link inflammatory response to disease progression by fostering angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"54","author":"Kuang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.52","article-title":"Neutrophils in cancer: Neutral no more","volume":"16","author":"Coffelt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13988","article-title":"Potential involvement of oncostatin M in the immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma with vessels encapsulating tumor clusters","volume":"54","author":"Shigematsu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-024-03939-w","article-title":"Relationships between tumor CD147 expression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and oncostatin M in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"487","author":"Shigematsu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5019367","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5019367","article-title":"CD147 as a novel prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis","volume":"2017","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cej.0000236245.40619.c3","article-title":"Expression of CD147 as a significantly unfavorable prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4501","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-4287-0","article-title":"CCL15\/CCR1 axis is involved in hepatocellular carcinoma cells migration and invasion","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tumor Biol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/18\/8213\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T04:13:17Z","timestamp":1789618397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/18\/8213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"references-count":151,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27188213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27188213","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]}}}