{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:02:16Z","timestamp":1789578136085,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004271","name":"University of Rome La Sapienza","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RM12117A86B 6FF27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RM12117A86B 6FF27"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, catalyzed by ADAR1 and ADAR2, is an epitranscriptomic mechanism with emerging roles in cardiovascular disease. We investigated ADAR expression, clinical correlates, A-to-I RNA editing signatures, transcriptome and miRNA targetome in thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), focusing on Marfan syndrome (MFS). Immunohistochemical analysis of 58 TAA specimens (18 MFS-associated TAA, 19 tricuspid aortic valve-associated TAA (TAV), 21 bicuspid aortic valve-associated TAA (BAV)) showed the highest ADAR1 and ADAR2 in MFS. ADAR2 in vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) correlated positively with aortic diameter across subtypes; ADAR1 inversely correlated with sinotubular junction dimension in MFS. Transcriptomic profiling of MFS-derived vSMC cultures identified 30 differentially expressed genes enriched in immune activation, impaired RTK signaling, and vSMC reprogramming. RNA editing analysis revealed 77 differentially edited sites across 65 genes, predominantly hypoedited in MFS, including four protein-coding recoding events at PPIL3, SLC12A6, CTSB, and VHL. miRNA seed-match analysis of 47 significant 3\u2032UTR sites predicted 458 editing-dependent interactions across 36 genes. Only 14\/36 genes showed concordant mRNA changes, suggesting that editing-dependent miRNA retargeting acts primarily at the translational level. These findings establish ADAR enzymes as candidates tissue biomarkers of TAA severity and ADAR1 as the principal driver of epitranscriptomic dysregulation in MFS aortopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27188250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:07:29Z","timestamp":1789574849000},"page":"8250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ADAR1 and ADAR2 Expression in the Thoracic Aortic Wall Correlates with Aneurysm Severity and Dissection Risk: Insights into A-to-I RNA Editing Dysregulation in Marfan Syndrome-Derived vSMCs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Calogera","family":"Pisano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical Surgical and Critical Area (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Research, IRCCS-ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Specialized Therapies), 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1581-0527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ambra","family":"Colopi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico Alessandro","family":"Silvestris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Terriaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Guida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3278-1561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annamaria","family":"Porreca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00163 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3384-4363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Sbrigata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical Surgical and Critical Area 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University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9723-2363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piergiorgio","family":"La Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9323-1796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeriana","family":"Cesarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council of Italy, Milan Unit, 20138 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Incidence and 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