{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:00:24Z","timestamp":1790863224586,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Special Environment and Health Research in Xinjiang","award":["SKL-SEHR-2024-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL-SEHR-2024-07"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been associated with thyroid dysfunction, but their relationship with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and relevant molecular processes remains unclear. We integrated bioinformatics analyses, a hospital-based case\u2013control study, and in vitro experiments to investigate associations between PFAS exposure and PTC and to explore potentially relevant post-transcriptional RNA regulatory processes. Transcriptomic data, PFAS-associated genes, and m7G-associated genes were integrated to identify candidate genes. Among 24 overlapping candidates, 21 remained differentially expressed between PTC and normal thyroid tissues after false discovery rate correction, and EIF4E, NCBP1, and AGO2 were identified as candidate hub genes. The case\u2013control study included 60 patients with newly diagnosed PTC and 60 controls. Serum concentrations of 17 PFAS were measured, and individual and mixture associations with PTC status were evaluated using logistic regression, weighted quantile sum regression, quantile g-computation, and Bayesian kernel machine regression. Higher concentrations of several PFAS were associated with lower odds of PTC, although the findings were not fully consistent across analytical models. In vitro, high concentrations of PFOA and PFOS reduced relative thyroid-cell viability, whereas wound-healing responses were variable and did not show a consistent enhancement. PFOA and PFOS exposure was also accompanied by altered EIF4E and NCBP1 mRNA expression, respectively. Overall, these findings support an association between PFAS exposure and PTC and identify m7G-associated post-transcriptional regulatory candidates, particularly EIF4E and NCBP1, that may contribute to PFAS-related thyroid cellular responses and warrant further mechanistic investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27188296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:18:26Z","timestamp":1790860706000},"page":"8296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: An Integrative Study of Bioinformatics, Epidemiological Associations, and In Vitro Responses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8791-0124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxin","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Hongguang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6760-0314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meili","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5945-6289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinxin","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Shilei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.2719","article-title":"Trends in thyroid cancer incidence and mortality in the United States, 1974\u20132013","volume":"317","author":"Lim","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2307\/3579003","article-title":"Thyroid cancer after exposure to external radiation: A pooled analysis of seven studies","volume":"141","author":"Ron","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radiat. 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