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J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Persistent fear responses and impaired fear extinction are characteristic features of stress-related disorders. Dopaminergic signalling within amygdala-centred circuits contributes to fear extinction, but the associated molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether selective dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibition with CE-123 (10 mg\/kg, intraperitoneally) facilitates fear extinction and induces region-specific molecular adaptations. Adolescent male rats were subjected to a modified stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL)-like paradigm followed by extinction training. Rats exposed to high-intensity fear conditioning (STRESSED groups) displayed persistent freezing and increased anxiety-like behaviour compared with non-shocked controls (NON-STRESSED groups). Repeated CE-123 administration during extinction significantly reduced freezing in stressed rats without affecting non-stressed animals. Quantitative proteomic analyses of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and hippocampus (HPC) revealed marked region-specific effects. Stress-related fear enhancement induced extensive proteomic remodelling in the BLA, involving proteins associated with glutamatergic signalling, synaptic plasticity, and axonal organization, whereas the hippocampal proteome was largely unaffected. CE-123 also produced BLA-specific molecular effects, reducing the abundance of proteins associated with mitochondrial ATP synthesis in non-stressed animals and with ribosomal, mitochondrial, and RNA-processing pathways in stressed rats. These findings identify the BLA as a key substrate of fear-related molecular adaptations and demonstrate that selective DAT inhibition modulates amygdala proteomic architecture during fear extinction. Overall, the results support further investigation of DAT modulation as a potential strategy for facilitating fear extinction in stress-related disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27188352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:23:56Z","timestamp":1790864636000},"page":"8352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Selective Dopamine Transporter Inhibition with CE-123 Promotes Fear Extinction and Alters the Basolateral Amygdala Proteome Following Fear Extinction in Adolescent Male Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Pawel","family":"Grochecki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a st., 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2042-3163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Hopcias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Sciences and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Avenue, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9562-6966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Lubinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a st., 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Tymoteusz","family":"Slowik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Medicine Center, Medical University, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6333-9461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gert","family":"Lubec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroproteomics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Listos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a st., 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4511-1241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Suder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Sciences and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Avenue, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jolanta H.","family":"Kotlinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a st., 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-022-00635-8","article-title":"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Clinical and Translational Neuroscience from Cells to Circuits","volume":"18","author":"Ressler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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