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J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of oxidative stress (OS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in cutaneous melanoma (M) is unclear. We examined 120 healthy controls and 120 M patients, 53 metastatic (MetM) and 67 non-metastatic M (NMetM). Blood OS, and TAC were measured by FORT and FORD rapid tests, respectively. Elevated OS did not differ between M patients and controls, but it was more frequent in MetM patients, with an odds ratio (OR) = 2.51. Low TAC values were more frequent in M patients, MetM, and NMetM than controls; OR = 6.67, OR = 12.4, and OR = 4.53, respectively. High OS combined with low TAC was more frequent in M patients (OR = 3.74) and MetM (OR = 8.48) than controls. Among M patients, elevated OS (n = 46) was more frequent in females (OR = 7.66), Stage IV (OR = 6.68), M1c (OR = 4.87) and ulceration (OR = 2.52), and less frequent in NMetM (OR = 0.28), M0 (OR = 0.15), superficial spreading (OR = 0.46), Breslow thickness &lt; 0.75 mm (OR = 0.33), and epithelioid variant (OR = 0.32). Among M patients, low TAC (n = 87) was more frequent in Stage IV (OR = 20.3), M1c (OR = 1.24), and lower limb (OR = 5.90), and less frequent in NMetM (OR = 0.37). Compared with other M patients, Stage IV patients more frequently had high OS (OR = 6.68), low TAC (OR = 20.3), high OS and low TAC (OR = 7.71), and &lt;5-year mortality (OR = 29.3). This is the largest study investigating systemic OS and TAC in M patients and provides a rationale for further validation of these markers in larger cohorts and different ethnic groups, which might furnish indications for future personalized OS and TAC screening and\/or prevention advice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27188395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:32:12Z","timestamp":1790083932000},"page":"8395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense Capacity in Patients with Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Buligan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Santa Maria della Misericordia, Friuli Centrale University Healthcare Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Petris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione Italiana Fegato ETS\u2014Italian Liver Foundation ETS, 34149 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2392-9504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Stinco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Santa Maria della Misericordia, Friuli Centrale University Healthcare Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Cauci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000003416","article-title":"Recent global patterns in skin cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence","volume":"138","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. 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