{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:10:49Z","timestamp":1790097049680,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31960077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31960077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["31960077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31960077"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microalgae endemic to desert ecosystems possess exceptional stress-resistance traits; however, the physiological and molecular drought-adaptation mechanisms of desert-dwelling Chlorella remain largely uncharacterized. Herein, we combined physiological\u2013biochemical assays, ultrastructural observation, transcriptomics and metabolomics to dissect drought responses in Taklamakan-desert-origin Chlorella sp. under polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000)-simulated mild (10%), moderate (20%), and severe (30%) drought stress, with mechanistic focus on moderate-drought conditions. Moderate drought repressed algal biomass (\u221226.32%), chlorophyll a (\u221224.40%), maximum photosystem II quantum yield (Fv\/Fm, \u221216.55%) and effective quantum yield of photosystem II (\u03a6PSII, \u221224.35%). Malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulated (+50.69%), alongside elevated activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, +156.74%) and catalase (CAT, +11.61%). Compatible solutes, including proline, soluble sugars, total protein and total lipid, increased significantly by 39.00%, 39.36%, 26.35% and 23.06%, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). Moderate drought triggered cell swelling, partial cell-wall rupture and prominent enlargement of intracellular starch granules and lipid droplets. Transcriptomic profiling demonstrated up-regulation of transcription\u2013translation and DNA-repair machinery, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, abscisic acid (ABA)\/jasmonic acid (JA) signaling, and biosynthetic pathways for protective metabolites, whereas catabolic pathways and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling were suppressed. Untargeted metabolomics further validated accumulation of trehalose, stress-protective amino acids, vitamins and functional lipids, while chloroplast-membrane-related metabolites and catabolic intermediates declined. This multi-omics study systematically reveals physiological and molecular regulatory cascades underlying drought tolerance in desert Chlorella sp., providing candidate genes and metabolites to support microalgal resource exploitation for arid-zone applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27198439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:32:12Z","timestamp":1790083932000},"page":"8439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physiological\u2013Biochemical Characteristics and Omics Landscape of Drought Tolerance in Chlorella sp. from the Taklamakan Desert of China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yongshun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jianqiao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, 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