{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:04:01Z","timestamp":1790348641198,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRGS\/1\/2022\/SKK11\/UKM\/01\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2022\/SKK11\/UKM\/01\/3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Regeneration of a pulp\u2013dentin complex requires coordinated angiogenesis. This study investigated the angiogenic potential of Wharton\u2019s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) in decellularized human dental pulp (DHDP) treated with bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7). Decellularized human dental pulp tissues were repopulated with WJMSCs, with or without BMP-7 (50 ng\/mL). Degradation rate, swelling ratio, and pore size of DHDP samples were assessed. DHDP and repopulated DHDP were evaluated through hematoxylin and eosin and 4\u2032, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Biocompatibility of DHDP, BMP-7, and DHDP+BMP-7 on WJMSCs was assessed using the MTT assay. WJMSCs\u2019 viability was evaluated using a resazurin-based assay on days 7, 14, and 21. Angiogenic potential was assessed by measuring vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) gene expression via quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and VEGF-A protein expression via immunohistochemistry. At 21 days, DHDP exhibited a degradation rate of 40.19%, moderate swelling (77.22 \u00b1 0.59%), and a significantly larger mean pore size (12.393 \u00b1 0.638 \u00b5m2) than HDP (5.956 \u00b1 0.501 \u00b5m2; p = 0.039). Histologically, DHDP exhibited complete nuclei removal, while WJMSCs were well integrated into the DHDP stroma. DHDP, BMP-7, and DHDP+BMP-7 were non-cytotoxic to WJMSCs. The DHDP+WJMSC+BMP-7 group demonstrated significantly higher cell viability at all time points compared with DHDP+WJMSC alone (p &lt; 0.01), and VEGFA expression was significantly increased at both mRNA (p = 0.002) and protein levels. BMP-7 (50 ng\/mL) can enhance WJMSC proliferation and VEGFA\/VEGF-A expression within DHDP scaffolds while maintaining biocompatibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27198599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:36:34Z","timestamp":1790346994000},"page":"8599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["BMP-7 Enhances the Angiogenic Potential of Wharton\u2019s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded in Decellularized Human Dental Pulp"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Wei Ying","family":"Peh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1112-6859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalia","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0200-086X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sook Luan","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0369-3829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eason","family":"Soo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7424-5938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurul Inaas","family":"Mahamad Apandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Nur Azurah","family":"Abdul Ghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2011.01873.x","article-title":"A prospective study of the factors affecting outcomes of non-surgical root canal treatment: Part 2: Tooth survival","volume":"44","author":"Ng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. 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