{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:56:32Z","timestamp":1790657792833,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24-45-20002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-45-20002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["24-45-20002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-45-20002"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03y2gwe85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","award":["1024011000011-7-1.4.2;3.5.2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1024011000011-7-1.4.2;3.5.2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) have been increasingly investigated as potential radiosensitizing agents for the treatment of cancer. In the present study, AuNP stabilized with sodium citrate and thioglycolic acid (AuNP-Cit-TGA) were synthesized to assess their radiosensitizing effects on MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 breast cancer cells after X-ray exposure. The AuNP-Cit-TGA displayed an average diameter of 22 nm, showcasing extremely low hemolytic activity in vitro, along with a moderate rate of cellular uptake. AuNP-Cit-TGA notably decreased cell viability in both cell lines 48 h after exposure to a radiation dose of 6 Gy, as demonstrated by the Alamar Blue assay. Dose\u2013response clonogenic assay indicated a significant decrease in the survival of nanoparticle-treated MCF7 cells compared to control groups. This decrease was associated with heightened oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased DCFH fluorescence and a decrease in the expression of SOD2, GPx1, CAT, and TXRDN1 genes 24 h following 2 Gy exposure. Remarkably, the uptake of AuNP-Cit-TGA enhanced the occurrence of single-strand DNA breaks in MCF7 cells by nearly double when compared to radiation treatment alone. However, this effect was not statistically significant in MDA-MB-231 cells. Despite this, residual \u03b3H2AX and 53BP1 foci were observed in both cell lines, revealing ongoing unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks connected to the uptake of nanoparticles by cells. Collectively, these findings provide valuable insights into the application of AuNP-Cit-TGA as an effective radiosensitizing agent in breast cancer radiotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27198632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:50:54Z","timestamp":1790614254000},"page":"8632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Radiosensitizing Effect of Gold Nanoparticles Stabilized with Sodium Citrate and Thioglycolic Acid on MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Smirnova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Future Biophysics, Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Moscow 123592, 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