{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:56:17Z","timestamp":1790744177264,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002767","name":"Department of Science and Technology of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026JJ80253; 2024JJ6176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026JJ80253; 2024JJ6176"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002767","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2026JJ80253; 2024JJ6176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026JJ80253; 2024JJ6176"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qgr7x96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62472051;  62402175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62472051;  62402175"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["62472051;  62402175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62472051;  62402175"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009377","name":"Education Department of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24C0556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24C0556"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["24C0556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24C0556"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ckg3w11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adverse drug reaction (ADR) prioritization and ordinal-frequency estimation are related but distinct prediction objectives, while aggregate ranking performance in sparse annotation matrices can be strongly influenced by frequently annotated side effects. Within CAFNet-DG, CAFNet-D uses task-specific association and ordinal-frequency functions built on shared molecular\u2013relational representations, while annotation prevalence is evaluated explicitly within each training fold. On a SIDER-derived dataset comprising 750 drugs and 994 side effects, replacing a shared output with task-specific functions produced the largest joint change in staged drug-disjoint ablation, increasing mAP from 0.340 to 0.382 and reducing RMSE from 1.754 to 1.142. A prevalence-only ranking achieved an mAP of 0.410, close to the CAFNet-DG value of 0.413, indicating that aggregate ADR ranking is strongly associated with the benchmark annotation distribution. Prevalence-matched, prevalence-stratified, frequently annotated side-effect removal, and per-drug analyses were therefore used to distinguish drug-conditioned ranking variation from global annotation-prevalence effects. An equal-weight same-architecture ensemble control yielded no significant differences from CAFNet-DG across seven ranking metrics after Holm correction; generic variance reduction therefore could not be excluded as an explanation for the modest score-integration gain. Scaffold-disjoint and independent-data evaluations showed modest transfer, while ordinal-frequency agreement on CT-ADE remained limited. The results support the CAFNet-D task-specific formulation and prevalence-aware evaluation, while CAFNet-DG provides the score-integration setting examined under matched ensemble controls.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27198685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:50:54Z","timestamp":1790614254000},"page":"8685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CAFNet-DG: Task-Specific Modeling and Prevalence-Aware Evaluation for Adverse Drug Reaction Prioritization with Ordinal-Frequency Estimation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0197-3432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Information, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Information, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7577-0534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangqiong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Information, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6576-1876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Information, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.15.1200","article-title":"Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: A meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"279","author":"Lazarou","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.12.1363","article-title":"Adverse drug event surveillance and drug withdrawals in the United States, 1969\u20132002","volume":"165","author":"Wysowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. 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