{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:07:31Z","timestamp":1792789651843,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Russian Science Foundation","award":["23-15-00433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-15-00433"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03y2gwe85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["23-15-00433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-15-00433"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03y2gwe85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sirius Federal Territory","award":["25-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Different approaches to skeletal muscle regeneration using progenitor cells are extensively studied as strategies for the treatment of muscle tissue pathologies. Recently, it was discovered that anatomically localized alveolar mucosa multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (AMCs) are characterized by myogenic potential and high feasibility for muscle tissue recovery and regeneration. Although the resulting multinuclear myotubes express skeletal muscle-specific markers (skeletal myosin, actin, myogenin, and MyoD1), the exact molecular mechanism controlling myogenic differentiation of AMCs is still unclear and poorly scrutinized. In this research, we used a combination of large-scale transcriptome analysis and a bioinformatics approach to investigate molecular pathways and crucial nodes responsible for myogenic differentiation. We studied differentiation of AMC cells in 2D and 3D culture conditions and found core genes with significant expression changes during differentiation and compared them with skeletal muscle-derived stromal cells (SMCs). It appeared that differentiation of AMCs in 3D is significantly different from that in 2D. Moreover, differentiation of AMCs in 2D is closer to differentiation of SMCs in 2D than to AMCs in 3D. Unique properties of AMC differentiation in 3D may be attributed to a significant inhibition of the component of the PDGFR\u03b2 signaling pathway responsible for ruffle organization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27198712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:09:25Z","timestamp":1790683765000},"page":"8712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular Mechanisms Implicated in Myogenic Differentiation of Human Alveolar Mucosa-Derived Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7685-3446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maksim","family":"Sorokin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Personalized Oncology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"Omicsway Corp., 340 S Lemon Ave, 6040, Walnut, CA 91789, USA"},{"name":"Oncobox Ltd., Moscow 121205, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Buzdin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Personalized Oncology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"Omicsway Corp., 340 S Lemon Ave, 6040, Walnut, CA 91789, USA"},{"name":"Oncobox Ltd., Moscow 121205, Russia"},{"name":"Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olimpiyskiy Ave, Sirius 354340, Krasnodar Region, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Guryanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Personalized Oncology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Gudkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Personalized Oncology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"Omicsway Corp., 340 S Lemon Ave, 6040, Walnut, CA 91789, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1531-7161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Modestov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Personalized Oncology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"Omicsway Corp., 340 S Lemon Ave, 6040, Walnut, CA 91789, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Suntsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Personalized Oncology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"Oncobox Ltd., Moscow 121205, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ilya","family":"Eremin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9499-4979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey","family":"Pulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center, Moscow 105203, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Nastasia","family":"Kosheleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Alla","family":"Zorina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Artgen Biotech, Moscow 119333, Russia"},{"name":"Skincell LLC, Moscow 119333, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Vadim","family":"Zorin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Artgen Biotech, Moscow 119333, Russia"},{"name":"Skincell LLC, Moscow 119333, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Kudlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Industrial Pharmacy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2415-1084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergei","family":"Boichuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy and Radiology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow 119454, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Vasileva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115522, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Fedorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115522, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Vinokurova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115522, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2078-4274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavel","family":"Kopnin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115522, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200802000-00004","article-title":"Regenerative Medicine for the Musculoskeletal System Based on Muscle-derived Stem Cells","volume":"16","author":"Gates","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAAOS J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2014.07.007","article-title":"Coaxing stem cells for skeletal muscle repair","volume":"84","author":"McCullagh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1419406","article-title":"Muscle stem cells in development, regeneration, and disease","volume":"20","author":"Shi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meregalli, M., Farini, A., Sitzia, C., and Torrente, Y. (2014). Advancements in stem cells treatment of skeletal muscle wasting. Front. Physiol., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00048"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.113086","article-title":"Stem cell-based therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"323","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"401","article-title":"Myogenic stem cells","volume":"46","author":"Gala","year":"2008","journal-title":"Folia Histochem. Cytobiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2006.08.011","article-title":"Stem cell based therapies to treat muscular dystrophy","volume":"1772","author":"Price","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0997-970","article-title":"The fate of individual myoblasts after transplantation into muscles of DMD patients","volume":"3","author":"Gussoni","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2013.11.006","article-title":"Stem cells for skeletal muscle regeneration: Therapeutic potential and roadblocks","volume":"163","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007946","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202007946","article-title":"Functional Skeletal Muscle Regeneration with Thermally Drawn Porous Fibers and Reprogrammed Muscle Progenitors for Volumetric Muscle Injury","volume":"33","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"57","article-title":"Bio-printing of aligned GelMa-based cell-laden structure for muscle tissue regeneration","volume":"8","author":"Hwangbo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2017.1284714","article-title":"Myogenic potential of human alveolar mucosa derived cells","volume":"16","author":"Zorin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2022.05.006","article-title":"OncoboxPD: Human 51 672 molecular pathways database with tools for activity calculating and visualization","volume":"20","author":"Zolotovskaia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370217749494","article-title":"Myogenic regulatory factors: The orchestrators of myogenesis after 30 years of discovery","volume":"243","author":"Asfour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13180","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605669103","article-title":"Alveolar epithelial cell mesenchymal transition develops in vivo during pulmonary fibrosis and is regulated by the extracellular matrix","volume":"103","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12384","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M208544200","article-title":"Myofibroblast differentiation by transforming growth factor-beta1 is dependent on cell adhesion and integrin signaling via focal adhesion kinase","volume":"278","author":"Thannickal","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2005","article-title":"NADPH oxidase-4 mediates myofibroblast activation and fibrogenic responses to lung injury","volume":"15","author":"Hecker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.113456","article-title":"NOX4\/NADPH oxidase expression is increased in pulmonary fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and mediates TGFbeta1-induced fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts","volume":"65","author":"Amara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35387","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.489237","article-title":"Meclizine inhibits mitochondrial respiration through direct targeting of cytosolic phosphoethanolamine metabolism","volume":"288","author":"Gohil","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00270-0","article-title":"Comparative analysis of lysyl oxidase (like) family members in pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"7","author":"Aumiller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq265","article-title":"Laminar and Areal Expression of Unc5d and Its Role in Cortical Cell Survival","volume":"21","author":"Takemoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.09.025","article-title":"GPC3-Unc5 receptor complex structure and role in cell migration","volume":"185","author":"Akkermans","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-017-0288-3","article-title":"Genome-wide gene by lead exposure interaction analysis identifies UNC5D as a candidate gene for neurodevelopment","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13935","article-title":"UNC5D, suppressed by promoter hypermethylation, inhibits cell metastasis by activating death-associated protein kinase 1 in prostate cancer","volume":"110","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-2978","article-title":"The Tumor-Suppressive Function of UNC5D and Its Repressed Expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma","volume":"19","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.11.104","article-title":"UNC-5 netrin receptor B mediates osteogenic differentiation by modulating bone morphogenetic protein signaling in human adipose-derived stem cells","volume":"495","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01698-4","article-title":"LncRNA H19 promotes odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells by regulating miR-140-5p and BMP-2\/FGF9","volume":"11","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18257","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203267","article-title":"The lncRNA H19\/miR-541-3p\/Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin axis plays a vital role in melatonin-mediated osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"13","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28897","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28897","article-title":"Long Non-coding RNA H19 Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Epigenetic Modulation of Histone Deacetylases","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.1634","article-title":"Functional roles of PC-PLC and Cdc20 in the cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dana, D., Das, T., Choi, A., Bhuiyan, A.I., Das, T.K., Talele, T.T., and Pathak, S.K. (2022). Nek2 Kinase Signaling in Malaria, Bone, Immune and Kidney Disorders to Metastatic Cancers and Drug Resistance: Progress on Nek2 Inhibitor Development. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27020347"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.234419.113","article-title":"The H19 long noncoding RNA gives rise to microRNAs miR-675-3p and miR-675-5p to promote skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration","volume":"28","author":"Dey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.131771","article-title":"H19 controls reactivation of the imprinted gene network during muscle regeneration","volume":"143","author":"Martinet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-042617-053352","article-title":"Signaling and Function of Interleukin-2 in T Lymphocytes","volume":"36","author":"Ross","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, S., Kim, M.-J., Lee, S.-H., Jin, L., Cong, W., Jeong, H.-G., and Lee, K.-Y. (2021). Metallothionein 3 Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation in C2C12 Cells via Reduction of Oxidative Stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094312"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dev155861","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.155861","article-title":"PDGFR\u03b1\/PDGFR\u03b2 signaling balance modulates progenitor cell differentiation into white and beige adipocytes","volume":"145","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2020.08.004","article-title":"Pdgfra regulates multipotent cell differentiation towards chondrocytes via inhibiting Wnt9a\/beta-catenin pathway during chondrocranial cartilage development","volume":"466","author":"Bartoletti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jensen, C., and Teng, Y. (2020). Is It Time to Start Transitioning from 2D to 3D Cell Culture?. Front. Mol. Biosci., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.00033"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21549","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202002566R","article-title":"Role of TCF-1 in differentiation, exhaustion, and memory of CD8+ T cells: A review","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0617-7","article-title":"Roles of transcriptional factor 7 in production of inflammatory factors for lung diseases","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-149732","article-title":"CARD19, a Novel Negative Regulator of B-Cell Tolerance","volume":"138","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109742","article-title":"CTHRC1 promotes gastric cancer metastasis via HIF-1\u03b1\/CXCR4 signaling pathway","volume":"123","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01008-9","article-title":"The role of CTHRC1 in promotion of cutaneous wound healing","volume":"7","author":"Duan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-019-0043-4","article-title":"Atlas of RNA sequencing profiles for normal human tissues","volume":"6","author":"Suntsova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635","article-title":"STAR: Ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner","volume":"29","author":"Dobin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Blighe, K., Rana, S., and Lewis, M. (2021, July 23). EnhancedVolcano: Publication-Ready Volcano Plots with Enhanced Colouring and Labeling. Available online: https:\/\/github.com\/kevinblighe\/EnhancedVolcano."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts515","article-title":"GFOLD: A generalized fold change for ranking differentially expressed genes from RNA-seq data","volume":"28","author":"Feng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sorokin, M., Borisov, N., Kuzmin, D., Gudkov, A., Zolotovskaia, M., Garazha, A., and Buzdin, A. (2021). Algorithmic Annotation of Functional Roles for Components of 3,044 Human Molecular Pathways. Front. Genet., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.617059"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1260","article-title":"Real-time quantitative PCR","volume":"25","author":"Schmittgen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"758","article-title":"Molecular Pathway Activation Markers Are Associated with Efficacy of Trastuzumab Therapy in Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Better than Individual Gene Expression Levels","volume":"85","author":"Sorokin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.01.126","article-title":"Human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells are superior to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for cell therapy in regenerative medicine","volume":"393","author":"Tomar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512461016","article-title":"Human Oral Mucosa and Gingiva: A Unique Reservoir for Mesenchymal Stem Cells","volume":"91","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3157","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2013.0015","article-title":"Gingiva as a Source of Stem Cells with Therapeutic Potential","volume":"22","author":"Fournier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/19\/8712\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:41:38Z","timestamp":1790829698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/19\/8712"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27198712"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27198712","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]}}}