{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T04:52:36Z","timestamp":1791089556267,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011576","name":"Inonu University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University BAP (Scientific Research Project) unit with the project numbered TOA-2024-3420."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University BAP (Scientific Research Project) unit with the project numbered TOA-2024-3420."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011576","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University BAP (Scientific Research Project) unit with the project numbered TOA-2024-3420."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University BAP (Scientific Research Project) unit with the project numbered TOA-2024-3420."]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04asck240","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to produce and characterize nanofiber membranes (PLGA\/HA@LMWH) containing Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)\/Hyaluronic Acid (PLGA\/HA) immobilized with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), and to investigate their physical and chemical effects in preventing intraabdominal adhesions in a rat model using multidisciplinary methods. Forty female Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 10). Cecal abrasions were induced in three groups: treated with PLGA\/HA membrane, PLGA\/HA@LMWH membrane, and 0.9% NaCl (SS). The fourth group underwent laparotomy only. On day 21, rats were sacrificed and evaluated macroscopically, histopathologically, immunohistochemically, and biochemically. Macroscopic adhesion, inflammation, fibrosis, neovascularization, collagen scores, and TGF-\u03b21 expression were found to be high in the SS and PLGA\/HA groups, while a significant decrease (p &lt; 0.05\u20130.01) was detected in all of these values in the PLGA\/HA@LMWH group. NF-\u03baB activation was significantly decreased in the PLGA\/HA and especially the PLGA\/HA@LMWH groups compared to the SS group (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, apoptosis was suppressed in the PLGA\/HA@LMWH group, with increased Bcl-2 and decreased cleaved caspase-3. The PLGA\/HA@LMWH membrane reduced peritoneal adhesions by suppressing inflammation, fibrosis, neovascularization, and collagen deposition, lowering TGF-\u03b21 expression and NF-\u03baB and p-NF-\u03baB levels, and suppressing apoptosis. However, large-scale studies are needed for clinical use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27198715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:14:37Z","timestamp":1790694877000},"page":"8715","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multimodal Evaluation of the Anti-Adhesion Effects of Heparin-Loaded PLGA\/HA Nanofiber Membranes in an Intraperitoneal Adhesion Model in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Turgay","family":"Karatas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44050, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurcan","family":"Gokturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44050, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2310-2937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kubra","family":"Karadas Gedik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya 44050, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4907-6159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burak","family":"Karabulut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, F\u0131rat University, Elaz\u0131\u011f 23119, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5247-9864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damla","family":"Bilge Tasdemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44050, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Akif","family":"Turkoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44050, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4447-6233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet","family":"Ulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya 44050, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5401-0720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuf","family":"Turkoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44050, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Necati","family":"Timurkaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, F\u0131rat University, Elaz\u0131\u011f 23119, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3264-9467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tugba","family":"Dogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya 44050, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An\u0131l","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya Turgut \u00d6zal University, Malatya 44210, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Engin Burak","family":"Selcuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44050, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9093-6456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Karatas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical History and Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44050, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meryem","family":"Budak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Bing\u00f6l University, Bing\u00f6l 12000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burhan","family":"Ates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya 44050, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y.I., Lee, M., Kim, S.I., Seol, A., Lee, E.J., Kim, H.S., and Song, Y.S. 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