{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:03:31Z","timestamp":1790762611377,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"Polish National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\/37\/N\/NZ5\/04208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/37\/N\/NZ5\/04208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2020\/37\/N\/NZ5\/04208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/37\/N\/NZ5\/04208"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ha2q922","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010609","name":"Medical University of Gda\u0144sk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01-10026\/0010438\/01\/253\/253\/0\/2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01-10026\/0010438\/01\/253\/253\/0\/2026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010609","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["01-10026\/0010438\/01\/253\/253\/0\/2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01-10026\/0010438\/01\/253\/253\/0\/2026"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019sbgd69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by heterogeneous immune activation extending beyond clinically apparent lesions. Interleukin-19 (IL-19) has been implicated in cytokine-responsive keratinocyte activation, whereas interleukin-37 (IL-37) has endogenous anti-inflammatory functions. Their superficial epidermal expression patterns in lesional and clinically non-lesional AD skin have not been extensively characterized within the same cohort. To compare IL19 and IL37 mRNA expression in lesional and clinically non-lesional, lesion-adjacent AD skin with healthy control skin and to explore associations between transcript abundance and clinical characteristics. In this exploratory cross-sectional study, tape strip samples were collected from lesional and clinically non-lesional skin of 32 patients with AD and from corresponding skin of 35 healthy controls. \u00a0IL19 expression did not differ significantly among healthy control, lesional, and clinically non-lesional AD skin in the overall cohort. In contrast, IL37 transcript abundance was significantly higher in lesional AD skin than in healthy control skin (p = 0.0002) and was also increased in clinically non-lesional skin (p = 0.0387). In severity-stratified analyses, lesional IL37 expression was increased in both moderate and severe-to-very severe AD, whereas lower lesional IL19 expression relative to healthy control skin was observed in severe-to-very severe AD (p = 0.0412). Lesional IL19 expression showed an inverse association with EASI severity category (p = 0.045), while lesional IL37 expression was positively associated with sleep-disturbance scores (p = 0.0203). The two transcripts showed distinct expression patterns in this cohort. Increased IL37 mRNA was compatible with, but did not establish, a compensatory response extending into lesion-adjacent clinically non-lesional skin. Overall IL19 upregulation was not detected, and lower lesional expression was observed in severe-to-very severe AD. However, these exploratory observations do not establish cytokine function or validate either transcript as a stand-alone biomarker.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27198741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:25:42Z","timestamp":1790760342000},"page":"8741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Distinct Superficial Epidermal Expression Patterns of IL-19 and IL-37 in Atopic Dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Zarycza\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7842-7555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Sitko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland"},{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Tukaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8206-8441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Trzeciak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02519-4","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis","volume":"405","author":"Brunner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.12.018","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis is an IL-13-dominant disease with greater molecular heterogeneity compared to psoriasis","volume":"139","author":"Tsoi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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