{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:03:51Z","timestamp":1790762631560,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Science and Technology Program of Henan Province","award":["252102321131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["252102321131"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China","award":["2023J05121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023J05121"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic reprogramming is a pivotal driver of diabetic vascular remodeling by inducing the phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). This study demonstrated that in the aortas of diabetic mice, the medial layer was significantly thickened, with disordered arrangement of collagen and elastic fibers, downregulated expression of the contractile marker \u03b1-smooth muscle actin (\u03b1-SMA), and upregulated expression of the synthetic marker osteopontin (OPN). These pathological changes were accompanied by suppressed Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) expression and increased glycolytic enzyme activity. Our results further demonstrated that an 8-week treadmill exercise intervention effectively restored aortic Sirt1 levels in diabetic mice, ameliorated mitochondrial damage, normalized elevated glycolysis in VSMCs, and attenuated their transition to a synthetic phenotype. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that aerobic exercise-induced improvements in diabetic vascular remodeling are accompanied by alterations in Sirt1 expression, glucose metabolism, mitochondrial morphology, and the VSMC phenotype.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27198750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:25:42Z","timestamp":1790760342000},"page":"8750","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aerobic Exercise Modulates Sirt1 to Alleviate Diabetic Arterial Remodeling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4768-8909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanzhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Health, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China"},{"name":"Provincial University Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provincial University Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yiping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provincial University Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e393","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000534","article-title":"Cardiovascular Health in African Americans: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association","volume":"136","author":"Carnethon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"575","article-title":"Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease: Clinical Insights and Vascular Mechanisms","volume":"34","author":"Petrie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2007.1986","article-title":"Redox signaling, vascular function, and hypertension","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2016.05.002","article-title":"Increased aerobic glycolysis is important for the motility of activated VSMC and inhibited by indirubin-3\u2032-monoxime","volume":"83","author":"Heiss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3704","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI120847","article-title":"Mitochondrial metabolism in pulmonary hypertension: Beyond mountains there are mountains","volume":"128","author":"Culley","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103203","article-title":"The mitochondrial protease ClpP is a druggable target that controls VSMC phenotype by a SIRT1-dependent mechanism","volume":"73","author":"Paredes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-025-02932-9","article-title":"Vascular smooth muscle cell metabolic reprogramming and phenotypic remodeling in atherosclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3584-x","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes alters metabolic and transcriptional signatures of glucose and amino acid metabolism during exercise and recovery","volume":"58","author":"Hansen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4827643","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4827643","article-title":"Treatment of Diabetic Mice with a Combination of Ketogenic Diet and Aerobic Exercise via Modulations of PPARs Gene Programs","volume":"2018","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"PPAR Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s40842-025-00247-3","article-title":"Chronic hyperglycemia and cardiovascular dysfunction: An in-depth exploration of metabolic and cellular pathways in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"11","author":"Hussain","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol. Endocrinol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02216-z","article-title":"BAG3 promotes proliferation and migration of arterial smooth muscle cells by regulating STAT3 phosphorylation in diabetic vascular remodeling","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.123.324055","article-title":"Extracellular Matrix Interactome in Modulating Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling","volume":"134","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-021-01360-4","article-title":"Role of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in progression of atherosclerosis","volume":"44","author":"Huynh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8537881","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8537881","article-title":"Resveratrol Inhibits Insulin-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration by Activating SIRT1","volume":"2022","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000001154","article-title":"Endothelial SIRT1 as a Target for the Prevention of Arterial Aging: Promises and Challenges","volume":"78","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H496","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00898.2020","article-title":"Angiotensin II-induced overexpression of sirtuin 1 contributes to enhanced expression of Gi\u03b1 proteins and hyperproliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"321","author":"Hossain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-021-09669-8","article-title":"Chronic Exercise Mitigates the Effects of Sirtuin Inhibition by Salermide on Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation","volume":"21","author":"Harris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-04302-y","article-title":"KLF4-PFKFB3-driven glycolysis is essential for phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2024.167021","article-title":"Gamut of glycolytic enzymes in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation: Implications for vascular proliferative diseases","volume":"1870","author":"Sarkar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/19\/8750\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:33:41Z","timestamp":1790760821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/19\/8750"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27198750"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27198750","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]}}}