{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:55:19Z","timestamp":1790916919482,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Henan Provincial Youth Science Fund Project","award":["2623004221300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2623004221300"]}]},{"name":"Doctoral Innovation Project of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["2026BX114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026BX114"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00vdyrj80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["2026BX114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026BX114"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00vdyrj80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Central Plains Scholar","award":["264000510011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["264000510011"]}]},{"name":"Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Outstanding Youth Science and Technology Fund","award":["2024YQ16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YQ16"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00vdyrj80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["2024YQ16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YQ16"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00vdyrj80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["CARS-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-21"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03p5eky76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["CARS-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-21"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03p5eky76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Independent Innovation Projects of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["2026ZC158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026ZC158"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00vdyrj80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Independent Innovation Projects of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["2026ZC159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026ZC159"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00vdyrj80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["2026ZC158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026ZC158"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00vdyrj80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2026ZC159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026ZC159"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00vdyrj80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Henan Agriculture Research System","award":["HARS-22-11-G1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HARS-22-11-G1"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Henan","award":["241111310200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["241111310200"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Henan","award":["251111310600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["251111310600"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Henan","award":["251111111800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["251111111800"]}]},{"name":"Henan Center for Overseas Scientists","award":["GZS2024025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZS2024025"]}]},{"name":"Central Government Funds to Guide Local Science and Technology Development","award":["2025ZYYD07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZYYD07"]}]},{"name":"Central Government Funds to Guide Local Science and Technology Development","award":["2026ZYYD07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026ZYYD07"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Science and Technology Research Project","award":["252102110295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["252102110295"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Jasmonate-ZIM domain (JAZ) proteins act as core negative regulators of jasmonic acid signaling and mediate plant stress adaptation, developmental progression, and secondary metabolism. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an economically important Asteraceae crop with medicinal, edible oil, and ornamental values; however, the evolutionary characteristics and molecular functions of its TIFY gene family remain poorly characterized. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide identification of the safflower CtTIFY family, followed by systematic analyses of phylogenetic relationships, chromosomal distribution, gene synteny, structural features, conserved motifs, and promoter cis-regulatory elements. Transcriptome profiling, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validation under multiple abiotic stresses and methyl jasmonate treatment, and subcellular localization assays were further conducted to explore divergence in transcript expression levels among family members. A total of 14 CtTIFY genes were identified and categorized into three subfamilies: JAZ, TIFY, and ZML. Segmental duplication was the primary driving force for CtTIFY family expansion, and distinct structural and physicochemical divergences were detected among different subfamilies. CtTIFY genes harbor abundant cis-elements responsive to stresses, hormones, and light signals, and exhibit transcriptional correlations with safflower floral development, seed germination, and seed-oil accumulation. Among them, CtJAZ1, CtJAZ6, and CtJAZ7 represent key candidate genes showing transcriptional responses to JA signals and multiple abiotic stresses. Subcellular localization showed that CtTIFY proteins are predominantly nuclear-localized with potential nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. This study systematically characterizes the evolutionary dynamics and divergence in expression levels of the safflower CtTIFY family, identifies candidate genes associated with stress response and quality-related processes, and provides fundamental genetic resources for future safflower molecular-breeding research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27198752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:25:42Z","timestamp":1790760342000},"page":"8752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Characterization of the TIFY Gene Family Associated with Abiotic Stress and Hormone Response in Carthamus tinctorius L."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2588-0513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"},{"name":"Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8048-3235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"},{"name":"Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0213-2361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"},{"name":"Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"},{"name":"Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1034-220X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dandan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"},{"name":"Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5174-4494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaling","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"},{"name":"Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9724-1032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"},{"name":"Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2369-8558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengfan","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"},{"name":"Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"},{"name":"Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongliang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"},{"name":"Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengwei","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"},{"name":"Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huizhen","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"},{"name":"Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.13586","article-title":"The Chromosome-Scale Reference Genome of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) Provides Insights into Linoleic Acid and Flavonoid Biosynthesis","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bai, H., Yang, J., and Wang, R. (2025). Carthamus tinctorius L.: A Comprehensive Review of Its Ethnomedicine, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Clinical Applications. Front. Pharmacol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1609299"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Fuad, F.A., Yusof, F., Abdul Halim, A., Ahmad, F., and Ahmad Nor, Y. (2024). Natural Bioactive Compounds in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Seed, Seed Oil and Flower and Usages. Circular Bioeconomy, Springer. Available online: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-981-97-7010-6_4."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pearl, S.A., Bowers, J.E., Reyes-Chin-Wo, S., Michelmore, R.W., and Burke, J.M. (2014). Genetic Analysis of Safflower Domestication. BMC Plant Biol., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2229-14-43"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.52547\/jcb.14.44.174","article-title":"Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in 273 Safflower Genotypes Collected from Different Regions of the World","volume":"14","author":"Nazari","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Crop Breed."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Licata, M., Farruggia, D., Iacuzzi, N., Matteo, R., Tuttolomondo, T., and Di Miceli, G. (2023). Effects of Genotype and Climate on Productive Performance of High Oleic Carthamus tinctorius L. under Rainfed Conditions in a Semi-Arid Environment of Sicily (Italy). Plants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12091733"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, P., Rasool, S., Gul, A., Sheikh, S.A., Akram, N.A., Ashraf, M., Kazi, A.M., and Gucel, S. (2016). Jasmonates: Multifunctional Roles in Stress Tolerance. Front. Plant Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.00813"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, M.S., and Baek, K.-H. (2020). Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathway in Response to Abiotic Stresses in Plants. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020621"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sohn, S.-I., Pandian, S., Rakkammal, K., Largia, M.J.V., Thamilarasan, S.K., Balaji, S., Zoclanclounon, Y.A.B., Shilpha, J., and Ramesh, M. (2022). Jasmonates in Plant Growth and Development and Elicitation of Secondary Metabolites: An Updated Overview. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.942789"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgg.2025.07.007","article-title":"Jasmonate Signaling: Integrating Stress Responses with Developmental Regulation in Plants","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Genet. Genom."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3089","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.111.089300","article-title":"The JAZ Proteins: A Crucial Interface in the Jasmonate Signaling Cascade","volume":"23","author":"Pauwels","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5405","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb44110366","article-title":"The Core Jasmonic Acid-Signalling Module CoCOI1\/CoJAZ1\/CoMYC2 Are Involved in Jas-Mediated Growth of the Pollen Tube in Camellia oleifera","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06006","article-title":"The JAZ Family of Repressors Is the Missing Link in Jasmonate Signalling","volume":"448","author":"Chini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Song, L., Gong, X., Xu, J., and Li, M. (2020). Functions of Jasmonic Acid in Plant Regulation and Response to Abiotic Stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041446"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2024.105829","article-title":"Interlinked Regulator Loops of ABA and JA Respond to Salt and Drought Stress in Caragana korshinskii","volume":"225","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, C., Xu, M., Cai, X., Han, Z., Si, J., and Chen, D. (2022). Jasmonate Signaling Pathway Modulates Plant Defense, Growth, and Their Trade-Offs. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073945"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.17477","article-title":"Functional Specificity, Diversity, and Redundancy of Arabidopsis JAZ Family Repressors in Jasmonate and COI1-Regulated Growth, Development, and Defense","volume":"231","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126832","article-title":"Comprehensive Analysis of OsJAZ Gene Family Deciphers Rhizobacteria-Mediated Nutrient Stress Modulation in Rice","volume":"253","author":"Bisht","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15138","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-99315-y","article-title":"Genome-Wide Identification of the TIFY Gene Family in Helianthus annuus and Expression Analysis in Response to Drought and Salt Stresses","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E10768","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1811828115","article-title":"JAZ Repressors of Metabolic Defense Promote Growth and Reproductive Fitness in Arabidopsis","volume":"115","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15757","article-title":"JAZ Proteins Modulate Seed Germination through Interaction with ABI5 in Bread Wheat and Arabidopsis","volume":"223","author":"Ju","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2010.04477.x","article-title":"OsbHLH148, a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein, Interacts with OsJAZ Proteins in a Jasmonate Signaling Pathway Leading to Drought Tolerance in Rice","volume":"65","author":"Seo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11032-020-01113-z","article-title":"Overexpression of a TIFY Family Gene, GsJAZ2, Exhibits Enhanced Tolerance to Alkaline Stress in Soybean","volume":"40","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Breed."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2018.11.004","article-title":"The Moss Jasmonate ZIM-Domain Protein PnJAZ1 Confers Salinity Tolerance via Crosstalk with the Abscisic Acid Signalling Pathway","volume":"280","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cj.2024.11.001","article-title":"JAZ Proteins: Key Regulators of Plant Growth and Stress Response","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crop J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhai, Z., Che, Y., Geng, S., Liu, S., Zhang, S., Cui, D., Deng, Z., Fu, M., Li, Y., and Zou, X. (2024). Comprehensive Comparative Analysis of the JAZ Gene Family in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Its D-Subgenome Donor Aegilops tauschii. Plants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13091259"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124064","article-title":"Recent Genome-Wide Replication Promoted Expansion and Functional Differentiation of the JAZs in Soybeans","volume":"238","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, C., Feng, Q., Wang, X., Li, K., Li, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., and Liu, Y. (2026). Genome-Wide Analysis of the JAZ Family in Brassica rapa and the Roles of BrJAZ1a and 6b in Response to Stresses. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27010289"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guan, Y., Zhang, Q., Li, M., Zhai, J., Wu, S., Ahmad, S., Lan, S., Peng, D., and Liu, Z.-J. (2024). Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Pattern Analysis of TIFY Family Genes Reveal Their Potential Roles in Phalaenopsis aphrodite Flower Opening. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105422"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2788","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03155-4","article-title":"Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of JAZ Gene Family in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.19114","article-title":"Diversification of JAZ-MYC Signaling Function in Immune Metabolism","volume":"239","author":"Johnson","year":"2023","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2026.113288","article-title":"Jasmonic Acid Crosstalk with Secondary Metabolites and Plant Growth Regulators to Maintain Redox Balance during Crop Improvement under Salt Stress","volume":"371","author":"Rather","year":"2026","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-023-11047-3","article-title":"Jasmonates: \u201cThe Master Switch\u201d for Regulation of Developmental and Stress Responses in Plants","volume":"42","author":"Sood","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, R., Ren, C., Dong, S., Chen, C., Xian, B., Wu, Q., Wang, J., Pei, J., and Chen, J. (2021). Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptome Analysis of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) with Different Colors. Front. Plant Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.712038"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2025.120795","article-title":"Comprehensive Analysis of Safflower R2R3-MYBs Reveals the Regulation Mechanism of CtMYB76 on Flavonol Biosynthesis","volume":"227","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97743-4","article-title":"Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Analyses of the TCP Gene Family in Carthamus tinctorius L","volume":"15","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J., Wang, J., Wang, R., Xian, B., Dong, S., Chen, C., Wu, Q., and Pei, J. (2020). Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptome Analysis on Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under MeJA Treatment. BMC Plant Biol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-020-02554-6"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/19\/8752\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:22:18Z","timestamp":1790914938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/19\/8752"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27198752"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27198752","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]}}}