{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:07:32Z","timestamp":1792789652274,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China Agriculture Research System","award":["This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFD1300503); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 32472952); the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (Grant No. 2026RC021); th"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFD1300503); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 32472952); the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (Grant No. 2026RC021); th"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03p5eky76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFD1300503); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 32472952); the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (Grant No. 2026RC021); th"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFD1300503); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 32472952); the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (Grant No. 2026RC021); th"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03p5eky76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated the effects of dietary selenium-enriched Bacillus subtilis (HBS) supplementation on laying performance, egg quality, and responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. A total of 120 Jinghong-1 laying hens received a basal or HBS-supplemented diet for 12 weeks. Subsequently, hens within each dietary replicate were allocated to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)- or LPS-injected subgroups, and one hen per subgroup was sampled 12 h after injection, yielding six sampled hens per treatment combination. HBS supplementation reduced the feed-to-egg ratio (1.96 vs. 2.15, p = 0.023) and increased albumen height (7.17 vs. 6.60 mm, p = 0.003) and Haugh unit (83.01 vs. 78.65, p = 0.001). Compared with LPS, HBS+LPS showed lower serum IL-1\u03b2 concentrations, higher CAT and T-SOD activities, greater jejunal villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, and higher expression of selected antioxidant- and tight-junction-related genes. Jejunal cytokine responses varied among genes. No significant differences in the measured cecal alpha-diversity indices were detected, whereas exploratory LEfSe analysis identified several treatment-associated taxa. Cecal butyrate concentration was higher in HBS than in CON, with no significant difference between HBS+LPS and LPS. Collectively, these findings indicate that HBS supplementation improved feed utilization and albumen quality and was associated with changes in selected antioxidant, inflammatory, and intestinal responses following LPS challenge. The contributions of selenium and B. subtilis could not be distinguished.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27198778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:19:37Z","timestamp":1790777977000},"page":"8778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary Selenium-Enriched Bacillus subtilis Improves Feed Utilization and Modulates Selected Responses to LPS Challenge in Laying Hens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Qiaoqiao","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Feed Grain Safety and Healthy Poultry Farming, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Beijing 101206, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0904-6617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaru","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Feed Grain Safety and Healthy Poultry Farming, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Beijing 101206, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Feed Grain Safety and Healthy Poultry Farming, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Beijing 101206, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Feed Grain Safety and Healthy Poultry Farming, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Beijing 101206, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Feed Grain Safety and Healthy Poultry Farming, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Beijing 101206, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Feed Grain Safety and Healthy Poultry Farming, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Beijing 101206, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7260-3765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiugang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Feed Grain Safety and Healthy Poultry Farming, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Beijing 101206, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haihua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Feed Grain Safety and Healthy Poultry Farming, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Beijing 101206, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6782-6534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongli","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660802538632","article-title":"Managing gut health through nutrition","volume":"50","author":"Choct","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. 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