{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:53:00Z","timestamp":1791363180843,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Mol. Sci.","IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Drought stress severely limits rice growth, while roots play a key role in sensing water deficits and triggering adaptive responses. To investigate time-dependent molecular responses in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Koshihikari) under drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG), seedlings were exposed to 10 and 20% PEG for 4 and 8 days, followed by morphological, proteomic, immunoblot, polymerase chain reaction, and ATP content analyses. Primary root length and total root fresh weight were significantly decreased with 20% PEG for 8 days compared with untreated. Proteomic analysis revealed changes in the abundance of rice root proteins under 20% PEG treatment between 4 and 8 days, with differentially abundant proteins enriched in Gene Ontology categories related to nuclear components, protein phosphorylation, and ATP binding. Selected proteins related to protein protection, redox-associated processes, and cytoskeletal responses were examined using immunoblot and polymerase chain reaction analyses. Glutathione S-transferase decreased and heat shock protein 70 increased with PEG for 8 days. The expression of NADPH-dependent codeinone reductase was upregulated and heat shock protein 17.9 was downregulated by PEG for 8 days. ATP content per unit fresh weight decreased in roots after PEG treatment. These results suggest that prolonged PEG-induced osmotic stress inhibits rice root growth through alterations in cellular energy status, the abundance of proteins involved in protein protection and glutathione S-transferase-mediated detoxification, and the expression of genes associated with reactive carbonyl species metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27198895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:28:57Z","timestamp":1791361737000},"page":"8895","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Proteomic and Molecular Biological Analyses of Response Mechanism in Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Koshihikari) Under Drought Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Sheikh","family":"Shohag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4507-9598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hisateru","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management Nutrition, Aichi Gakusen University, Okazaki 444-8520, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7300-5238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keisuke","family":"Hitachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3983-5756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kunihiro","family":"Tsuchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4514-357X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Setsuko","family":"Komatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan"},{"name":"Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zargar, S.M., Mir, R.A., Ebinezer, L.B., Masi, A., Hami, A., Manzoor, M., Salgotra, R.K., Sofi, N.R., Mushtaq, R., and Rohila, J.S. 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