{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T07:04:15Z","timestamp":1791529455390,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K11065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K11065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJNS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The detection of elevated long-chain acylcarnitine levels, particularly C14:1 and the C14:1\/C2 ratio, during neonatal screening may indicate very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD), although similar findings can result from postnatal starvation. We investigated the relationship between false-positive results, postnatal weight loss, and subsequent growth. Additionally, we explored potential diagnostic markers of postnatal starvation. The following neonates from Oita Prefecture (April 2014\u2013March 2024) were included in this study: patients identified as false-positive for VLCADD (n = 19), patients with VLCADD (n = 3), and children negative in mass screening who completed their 3-year-old health check-up (n = 30). The false-positive group exhibited significant weight loss at blood sampling for neonatal screening. An acylcarnitine analysis showed significant increases in various short- to long-chain fatty acids in the false-positive group, likely owing to enhanced fatty acid catabolism via \u03b2-oxidation. Elevation of a broad range of fatty acids and reduced amino acid levels seemed to be associated with significant weight loss at blood sampling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijns11020033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T11:00:54Z","timestamp":1745924454000},"page":"33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characteristic Findings of Infants with Transient Elevation of Acylcarnitines in Neonatal Screening and Neonatal Weight Loss"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sakura","family":"Morishima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oita University School of Medicine, Yufu-City 879-5593, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumi","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oita University School of Medicine, Yufu-City 879-5593, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoriko","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan"},{"name":"Research Institute of Medical Mass Spectrometry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8831-1991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenji","family":"Ihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oita University School of Medicine, Yufu-City 879-5593, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO, and UNICEF (2018). 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