{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:31:40Z","timestamp":1792805500716,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) through its Emerging Infection Program (EIP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CON000000060051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CON000000060051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) through its Emerging Infection Program (EIP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6U19DD001218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6U19DD001218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of South Carolina Disability Research and Dissemination Center (DRDC) through its cooperative agreement","award":["CON000000060051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CON000000060051"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02b6qw903","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"University of South Carolina Disability Research and Dissemination Center (DRDC) through its cooperative agreement","award":["6U19DD001218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6U19DD001218"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02b6qw903","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJNS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A universal screening research study was conducted in six hospitals to identify the clinical sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing on newborn dried blood spots (DBSs) versus saliva specimens for the diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV). CMV DNA positive results from DBSs or saliva were confirmed with urine testing. Findings of several false-positive (FP) saliva PCR results prompted an examination of a possible association with donor milk. Documentation of the frequency of positive saliva results, including both true-positive (TP) and FP status from clinical confirmation, occurred. The frequency of donor milk use was compared for TP and FP cases. Of 22,079 participants tested between 2016 and 2022, 96 had positive saliva results, 15 were determined to be FP, 79 TP, and 2 were excluded for incomplete clinical evaluation. Newborn donor milk use was identified for 18 (19.14%) of all the positive saliva screens. Among the 15 FPs, 11 (73.33%) consumed donor milk compared to 7 of the 79 TPs (8.8%) (OR 28.29, 95% CI 7.10\u2013112.73, p &lt; 0.001). While milk bank Holder pasteurization inactivates CMV infectivity, CMV DNA may still be detectable. Due to this possible association, screening programs that undertake testing saliva for CMV DNA may benefit from documenting donor milk use as a potential increased risk for FP results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijns9030046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T10:47:02Z","timestamp":1692269222000},"page":"46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Use of Saliva Samples to Test for Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection in Newborns: Examination of False-Positive Samples Associated with Donor Milk Use"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7343-3614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Whitney","family":"Wunderlich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Care Delivery Research, Allina Health, Minneapolis, MN 55410, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5852-3539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbey C.","family":"Sidebottom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Care Delivery Research, Allina Health, Minneapolis, MN 55410, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3382-9822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna K.","family":"Schulte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Care Delivery Research, Allina Health, Minneapolis, MN 55410, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5985-7461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Taghon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Care Delivery Research, Allina Health, Minneapolis, MN 55410, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3969-9659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheila","family":"Dollard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5928-8983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelmary","family":"Hernandez-Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2022, October 10). 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