{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:40:48Z","timestamp":1787312448564,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI132323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI132323"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30GM114737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30GM114737"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","award":["R01AI132323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI132323"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","award":["P30GM114737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30GM114737"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immuno"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) poses a significant threat to public health due to its high case fatality rate and epidemic potential. This is further complicated by the lack of precise immune correlates of protection and difficulties in conducting in vivo animal studies due to species specificity of Ebola virus disease (EVD) and classification as a biosafety level 4 pathogen. Related ebolaviruses have also contributed to the public health threat; Uganda recently experienced an outbreak of Sudan ebolavirus, which also had a high case fatality rate. Vaccination targeting EBOV has demonstrated significant efficacy; however, the protective cellular and humoral responses at play are still poorly understood. Vaccination for vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, young children, and immunocompromised individuals is still limited. Understanding vaccine correlates of protection (vCOP) is key to developing alternative vaccination strategies for these groups. Components of immunity such as neutralizing antibody and cell-mediated immunity are likely responsible for protective responses; however, existing research fails to fully define their roles in protection. Here we investigated vaccine-elicited antibody avidity as a potential correlate of protection and to further characterize the contribution of antibody avidity in protective and nonprotective vaccine responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/immuno3040022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T11:39:04Z","timestamp":1698147544000},"page":"358-374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["High-Avidity Anti-Filovirus IgG Elicited Using Protein Subunit Vaccines Does Not Correlate with Protection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2126-5089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlin A.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teri Ann S.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Lieberman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jake","family":"Yalley-Ogunro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIOQUAL, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehtap","family":"Cabus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIOQUAL, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Nezami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIOQUAL, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIOQUAL, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1103-9608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanne","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIOQUAL, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0858-1877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Geisbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel T.","family":"Lehrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599568","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.599568","article-title":"Ebolavirus: Comparison of Survivor Immunology and Animal Models in the Search for a Correlate of Protection","volume":"11","author":"Longet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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