{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:43:12Z","timestamp":1791420192817,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["--"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["--"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tonic immobility (TI) is a well-known anti-predator strategy adopted by diverse preys. Numerous studies on the cost\u2013benefit involve in TI have been reported. Although, some studies have reported the effect of mating behavior on TI, few studies highlight the phases of mate search. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between mate search and TI behavior in the sweetpotato weevil (SPW), Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Brentidae). First, we found the most active mate search period of male SPW within 24 h. Then, we measured whether the duration of TI of virgin male and female were affected during the mate search. In the end, the Y-tube olfactometer was used to compare the duration of mate search and the proportion of orientation towards the females in two artificial selection groups of the male SPW with longer and shorter duration of TI. Our study confirmed that male mate searching increase after 3 h at night, and up to 73% at midnight, TI was affected by mate search in male, because the duration of TI of the male during mate search (Mean \u00b1 SE = 214.53 \u00b1 22.74 s) was significantly shorter duration than the control (679.64 \u00b1 69.77 s). However, mate search did not affect the strength of TI in the females tested. This study determined that mate search was affected by TI due to males from the group with shorter duration of TI who had 28% higher proportion of orientation towards the females than the males with longer duration of TI. Investment trade-off between TI and mate search was confirmed in the males of the SPW.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects11110774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T10:47:28Z","timestamp":1605005248000},"page":"774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Trade-off Investment between Tonic Immobility and Mate Search in the Sweetpotato Weevil, Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Brentidae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7927-1094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoyong","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biological Control, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&amp;M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7417-0120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengxiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9001-0154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Runzhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2208-5984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Haseeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biological Control, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&amp;M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-017-2436-8","article-title":"A review of thanatosis (death feigning) as an anti-predator behavior","volume":"72","author":"Humphreys","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. 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