{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:51:18Z","timestamp":1790617878279,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]],"date-time":"2020-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Programme Fonds Comp\u00e9titifs de Recherche de l'Universit\u00e9 d'Abomey-Calavi (PFCR III)","award":["SPODOBEN\/PFCR III\/CS\/UAC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPODOBEN\/PFCR III\/CS\/UAC"]}]},{"name":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)","award":["FAO\/TCP\/ BEN 3605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAO\/TCP\/ BEN 3605"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spodoptera frugiperda was first reported in Africa in 2016 and has since become a serious threat to maize\/cereal production on the continent. Current control of the pest relies on synthetic chemical insecticides, which can negatively impact the environment and promote the development of resistance when used indiscriminately. Therefore, great attention is being paid to the development of safer alternatives. In this study, several biorational products and a semi-synthetic insecticide were evaluated. Two household soaps (\u201cPalmida\u201d and \u201cKoto\u201d) and a detergent (\u201cSo Klin\u201d) were first tested for their efficacy against the larvae under laboratory conditions. Then, the efficacy of the most effective soap was evaluated in field conditions, along with PlantNeem (neem oil), Dezone (diatomaceous earth), and Emacot 19 EC (emamectin benzoate), in two districts, N\u2019Dali and Adjohoun, located, respectively, in northern and southern Benin. The soaps and the detergent were highly toxic t second-instar larvae with 24 h lethal concentrations (LC50) of 0.46%, 0.44%, and 0.37% for So Klin, Koto, and Palmida, respectively. In field conditions, the biorational insecticides produced similar or better control than Emacot 19 EC. However, the highest maize grain yields of 7387 and 5308 kg\/ha were recorded, respectively, with Dezone (N\u2019Dali) and Emacot 19 EC (Adjohoun). A cost-benefit analysis showed that, compared to an untreated control, profits increased by up to 90% with the biorational insecticides and 166% with Emacot 19 EC. Therefore, the use of Palmida soap at 0.5% concentration, neem oil at 4.5 L\/ha, and Dezone at 7.5 kg\/ha could provide an effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable management of S. frugiperda in maize.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12010018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]],"date-time":"2020-12-29T10:04:46Z","timestamp":1609236286000},"page":"18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Bio-Efficacy of Diatomaceous Earth, Household Soaps, and Neem Oil against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae in Benin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Cr\u00e9pin T. S.","family":"Aniwanou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Entomologie Agricole (LEAg), Facult\u00e9 des Sciences Agronomiques, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Abomey-Calavi, 01 B.P. 526 Cotonou, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio A. C.","family":"Sinzogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Entomologie Agricole (LEAg), Facult\u00e9 des Sciences Agronomiques, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Abomey-Calavi, 01 B.P. 526 Cotonou, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean M.","family":"Deguenon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7647, 3230 Ligon Street, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachidatou","family":"Sikirou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de D\u00e9fense des Cultures (LDC), Centre de Recherches Agricoles d\u2019Agonkanmey, Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du B\u00e9nin (INRAB), 01 B.P. 884 Cotonou, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imerys Filtration Minerals, Inc., Roswell, GA 30076, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Ahanchede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie V\u00e9g\u00e9tale, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences Agronomiques, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Abomey-Calavi, 01 B.P. 526 Cotonou, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goergen, G., Kumar, P.L., Sankung, S.B., Togola, A., and Tamo, M. 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