{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:46:27Z","timestamp":1787499987718,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31401743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31401743"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"International Science and Technology Coorperation Program of Guangdong Province","award":["2020A1414010040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020A1414010040"]}]},{"name":"President Foundation of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["201426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201426"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation of Shenzhen Institute of Technology","award":["2111016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2111016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The entomopathogenic fungus, Cordyceps fumosorosea is a potential eco-friendly biocontrol agent. The present study revealed the entire course of infection of P. xylostella by C. fumosorosea with particular reference to cuticular penetration. Comparative studies on the infection of Plutella xylostella larvae by two strains of C. fumosorosea with different pathogenicity were carried out using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. We found that C. fumosorosea tended to adhere to the cuticle surfaces containing protrusions. Although conidia of the lower pathogenic strain IFCF-D58 germinated, they failed to penetrate and complete the development cycle. In contrast, the higher pathogenic strain IFCF01 began to germinate within 4 h and attached to the cuticle by a thin mucilaginous matrix within 8 h post-inoculation. After 24 h post-inoculation, germ tubes and penetrating hyphae reached the cuticular epidermis and began to enter the haemocoel. Within 36 h post-inoculation, the hyphal bodies colonized the body cavity. Hyphae penetrated from inside to outside of the body after 48 h and sporulated the cadavers. After 72 h post-inoculation, numerous conidia emerged and the mycelial covered the entire cuticular surface. The two strains showed similarities in terms of conidial size and germination rate. However, IFCF-D58 exhibited significantly fewer appressoria and longer penetrating hyphae compared to the more infective IFCF01 on all surface topographies. The current pathogen invasion sequence of events suggested that the aggressive growth and propagation along with rapid and massive in vivo production of blastospores facilitate the conidia of IFCF01 to quickly overcome the diamondback moth\u2019s defense mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12020179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T20:56:21Z","timestamp":1613681781000},"page":"179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Unraveling the Mode of Action of Cordyceps fumosorosea: Potential Biocontrol Agent against Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9157-731X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanyuan","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8210-6973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abid","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research and Consultancy, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoying","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518116, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7688-0735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waqar","family":"Jaleel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.38.010193.001423","article-title":"Biology, Ecology, and Management of the Diamondback Moth","volume":"38","author":"Talekar","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu. 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