{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T03:24:17Z","timestamp":1775705057001,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006087","name":"Direcci\u00f3n General de Asuntos del Personal Acad\u00e9mico, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IG200217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG200217"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006087","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006087","name":"Direcci\u00f3n General de Asuntos del Personal Acad\u00e9mico, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IA203721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IA203721"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006087","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Given the significant impact of mosquito-borne flaviviruses (MBFVs) on both human and animal health, predicting their dynamics and understanding their transmission cycle is of the utmost importance. Usually, predictions about the distribution of priority pathogens, such as Dengue, Yellow fever, West Nile Virus and St. Louis encephalitis, relate abiotic elements to simple biotic components, such as a single causal agent. Furthermore, focusing on single pathogens neglects the possibility of interactions and the existence of common elements in the transmission cycles of multiple pathogens. A necessary, but not sufficient, condition that a mosquito be a vector of a MBFV is that it co-occurs with hosts of the pathogen. We therefore use a recently developed modeling framework, based on co-occurrence data, to infer potential biotic interactions between those mosquito and mammal species which have previously been identified as vectors or confirmed positives of at least one of the considered MBFVs. We thus create models for predicting the relative importance of mosquito species as potential vectors for each pathogen, and also for all pathogens together, using the known vectors to validate the models. We infer that various mosquito species are likely to be significant vectors, even though they have not currently been identified as such, and are likely to harbor multiple pathogens, again validating the predictions with known results. Besides the above \u201cniche-based\u201d viewpoint we also consider an assemblage-based analysis, wherein we use a community-identification algorithm to identify those mosquito and\/or mammal species that form assemblages by dint of their significant degree of co-occurrence. The most cohesive assemblage includes important primary vectors, such as A. aegypti, A. albopictus, C. quinquefasciatus, C. pipiens and mammals with abundant populations that are well-adapted to human environments, such as the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), peccary (Tayassu pecari), opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) and bats (Artibeus lituratus and Sturnira lilium). Our results suggest that this assemblage has an important role in the transmission dynamics of this viral group viewed as a complex multi-pathogen-vector-host system. By including biotic risk factors our approach also modifies the geographical risk profiles of the spatial distribution of MBFVs in Mexico relative to a consideration of only abiotic niche variables.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12050398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T10:30:41Z","timestamp":1619692241000},"page":"398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Using Data Mining and Network Analysis to Infer Arboviral Dynamics: The Case of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses Reported in Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Sotomayor-Bonilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Ecolog\u00eda de Enfermedades y Una Salud, Departamento de Etolog\u00eda, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"},{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Mexicana de Medicina de la Conservaci\u00f3n Kalaan kab AC, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1472-9532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique Del","family":"Callejo-Canal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"},{"name":"Posgrado en Ciencia e Ingenier\u00eda de la Computaci\u00f3n, Instituto de Investigaciones en Matem\u00e1ticas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7347-714X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantino","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Atmosf\u00e9ricas, Centro de Ciencias de la Atm\u00f3sfera, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Suz\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Ecolog\u00eda de Enfermedades y Una Salud, Departamento de Etolog\u00eda, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"},{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Mexicana de Medicina de la Conservaci\u00f3n Kalaan kab AC, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2491-606X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Gravitaci\u00f3n y Teor\u00eda de Campos, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/conl.12297","article-title":"Alien pathogens on the horizon: Opportunities for predicting their threat to wildlife","volume":"10","author":"Roy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Conserv. 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