{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T12:04:39Z","timestamp":1772625879816,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]],"date-time":"2021-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Australian Centre for Internal Agricultural Research (ACIAR)","award":["ACIAR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACIAR"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diaphorina citri Kuwayama transmits a destructive citrus disease caused by a fastidious bacterium \u2018Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus\u2019 (CLas) designated as Huanglongbing (HLB) which posed a risk of detrimental threat to the Malaysian citrus industry. All D. citri life stages show a lumped habit on young flushes and its population fluctuations was closely related to accessibility of young flushes. The study aimed to investigate if the appearance of young flush shoots on citrus influences ACP population fluctuation and if horticultural mineral oil (HMO) could reduce spread of HLB transmission by ACP in a commercial healthy orchard. Field research was carried out from 1 April 2011 to 1 December 2014 in a 2-year-old 1 ha citrus farm that consisted of 200 PCR-certified disease-free grafted non-bearing honey tangerine (Citrus reticulata L.) in southwestern Sarawak, Malaysia. The experiment had two treatments namely control (unsprayed) and nC24 HMO with four replications arranged in a simple randomized block design. ACP eggs, nymphs, and adults per flush shoot was assessed and HLB incidence was monitored for visual inspection of the citrus trees for the current existence of usual signs of characteristic symptoms of HLB such as yellowing shoots, leaf mottling, and corky or enlarged veins on leaves. HLB-specific primer was employed in 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction to detect the CLas gene in diseased trees. Increase in abundance of D. citri is mainly affected by the citrus flushing cycles and their life stages are completed on these flush shoots. Relative degree of aggregation index for D. citri adults increased during periods of cyclic production of new flush. HMO-treated plots produced a significantly lower percentage up to 11.43% of diseased trees against 42.20% in untreated control plots. HMO is effective against D. citri and recommended to be incorporated in the IPM program to prevent infection and reduce the spread of HLB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12090772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,29]],"date-time":"2021-08-29T21:45:16Z","timestamp":1630273516000},"page":"772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effect of Horticultural Mineral Oil on Huanglongbing Transmission by Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) Population in a Commercial Citrus Orchard in Sarawak, Malaysia, Northern Borneo"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7050-2802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sui S.","family":"Leong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia Campus Bintulu Sarawak, Nyabau Road, Bintulu 97008, Sarawak, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen C. T.","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia Campus Bintulu Sarawak, Nyabau Road, Bintulu 97008, Sarawak, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George Andrew Charles","family":"Beattie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Plant and Food Science, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Aubert, B. (1987, January 1\u201313). Epidermiological aspects of the greening (Huanglungbing) disease in Asia. 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