{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T22:46:22Z","timestamp":1787870782926,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003447","name":"State Scholarships Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-050-0502-14736"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-050-0502-14736"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Genetic based mosquito control methods have been gaining ground in recent years for their potential to achieve effective suppression or replacement of vector populations without hampering environments or causing any public health risk. These methods require the mass rearing of the target species in large facilities sized to produce millions of sterile males, as already well established for a number of insects of agricultural importance. Assessing the performance of released males in Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) control programs is of the utmost importance for the success of the operation. Besides the negative effects of mass rearing and sterilization, the handling of sterilized insects and shipment to distant areas may also negatively impact the quality of sterilized males. The aim of the current study was to design and executive quality control (QC) tests for sterilized Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) males delivered by air shipment from the mass production facility located in Italy to Greece and Montenegro field release sites. Mass reared mosquito strains were based on biological materials received from Italy, Greece and Montenegro. Tests conducted at the mass rearing facility before transportation revealed a rather high residual female contamination following mechanical sex separation (approximately 1.5% females, regardless of the mosquito strain). Irradiated males of all three mosquito strains induced high levels of sterility to females. Shipment lasting approximately 24 h resulted in approximately 15% mortality, while when shipment lasted nearly two days this increased to almost 40%. The flight ability of sterilized males following one day transportation time was satisfactory (over 60%). The response of sterile males to food and water starvation was comparable and slightly lower than that of wild non-transported males. Longevity of sterile males was shorter than that of wild counterparts and it seems it was not affected by mating to wild females. Both mating propensity and mating competitiveness for wild virgin females was higher for the wild, control males compared to the sterile, transported ones. Overall, the performance of sterile male Ae. albopictus delivered from the mass rearing facility of Italy to Greece in approximately 24 h was satisfactory. Transportation lasting two days or longer incurred detrimental effects on males, which called into question the outcome of the SIT release programs. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the need of quality control procedures, especially when sterile male production facilities are not near to the releasing point. Transportation could be a serious drawback for the implementation of Sterile Insect Releases and, consequently, it is important to establish an efficient and fast transportation of sterilized males in advance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects13020179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T21:22:15Z","timestamp":1644441735000},"page":"179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Quality Control Methods for Aedes albopictus Sterile Male Transportation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Georgios D.","family":"Mastronikolos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Entomology Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5542-0470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apostolos","family":"Kapranas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Kifissia, Greece"},{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George K.","family":"Balatsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Kifissia, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charalampos","family":"Ioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Entomology Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0524-0180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios P.","family":"Papachristos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Kifissia, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5391-7750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis G.","family":"Milonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Kifissia, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5376-5213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianna","family":"Puggioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Agricoltura Ambiente \u201cG. Nicoli\u201d, 40014 Crevalcore, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8574-2094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Pajovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Du\u0161an","family":"Petri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9336-9111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romeo","family":"Bellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Agricoltura Ambiente \u201cG. Nicoli\u201d, 40014 Crevalcore, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3075-5020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonios","family":"Michaelakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Kifissia, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2480-8189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikos T.","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Entomology Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/48.4.459","article-title":"Possibilities of insect control or eradication through the use of sexually sterile males","volume":"48","author":"Knipling","year":"1955","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Knipling, E.F. (1979). Agriculture Handbook No.512, The Basic Principles of Insect Population Suppression and Management."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Knipling, E.F. (1998). Role of parasitoid augmentation and Sterile Insect Techniques in areawide management of agricultural insect pests. J. Agric. Entomol., 273\u2013301."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"303","article-title":"Sterile Insect Technique for suppressing and eradicating insect population: 55 Years and Counting","volume":"15","author":"Krafsur","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Agric. Urban Entomol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dyck, V.A., Hendrichs, J., and Robinson, A.S. (2005). Sterile Insect Technique: Principles and Practice in Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-4051-2"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klassen, W., Curtis, C.F., and Hendrichs, J. (2020). History of the Sterile Insect Technique. Sterile Insect Technique, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003035572-1"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0014","article-title":"Sterile-Insect methods for control of mosquito-borne diseases: An Analysis","volume":"10","author":"Alphey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliva, C.F., Benedict, M.Q., Matilda Collins, C., Baldet, T., Bellini, R., Bossin, H., Bouyer, J., Corbel, V., Facchinelli, L., and Fouque, F. (2021). Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) against Aedes species mosquitoes: A roadmap and good practice framework for designing, implementing and evaluating pilot field trials. Insects, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12030191"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1653\/0015-4040(2002)085[0171:RFOMSB]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Recent findings on medfly sexual behavior: Implications for SIT","volume":"85","author":"Robinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fla. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1653\/0015-4040(2002)085[0051:SCIMDT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Sexual compatibility in medfly (Diptera: Tephritidae) from different origins","volume":"85","author":"Cayol","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fla. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.11.020","article-title":"Aedes albopictus (Skuse) males in laboratory and semi-field cages: Release ratios and mating competitiveness","volume":"132","author":"Madakacherry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2005.00565.x","article-title":"Optimal life stage for radiation sterilization of Anopheles males and their fitness for release","volume":"19","author":"Andreasen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1653\/0015-4040(2007)90[88:SITAMF]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Sterile Insect Technique: A model for dose optimization for improved Sterile Insect quality","volume":"90","author":"Parker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fla. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-0493-97.2.383","article-title":"Irradiation of Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) Revisited: Optimizing sterility induction","volume":"97","author":"Toledo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1673\/031.012.4501","article-title":"Mass rearing history and irradiation affect mating performance of the male fruit fly, Anastrepha Obliqua","volume":"12","author":"Rull","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Insect Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1017\/S174275841400006X","article-title":"Improved mating performance of male Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) irradiated at low doses for release in Sterile Insect Technique programmes","volume":"34","author":"Rull","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1653\/0015-4040(2002)085[0102:EOIOTC]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Effects of irradiation on the courtship behavior of medfly (Diptera, Tephritidae) mass reared for the Sterile Insect Technique","volume":"85","author":"Lux","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fla. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(87)80281-6","article-title":"Male size and mating success in Drosophila melanogaster: The roles of male and female behaviour","volume":"35","author":"Partridge","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2624","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2012.0150","article-title":"Reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mmating in wild mosquitoes","volume":"9","author":"Butail","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.12.012","article-title":"Occurrence of natural Anopheles arabiensis swarms in an urban area of Bobo-Dioulasso City, Burkina Faso, West Africa","volume":"132","author":"Sawadogo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliva, C.F., Jacquet, M., Gilles, J., Lemperiere, G., Maquart, P.O., Quilici, S., Schooneman, F., Vreysen, M.J.B., and Boyer, S. (2012). The Sterile Insect Technique for controlling populations of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) on Reunion Island: Mating vigour of sterilized males. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049414"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-8-S2-S2","article-title":"Historical applications of induced sterilisation in field populations of mosquitoes","volume":"8","author":"Dame","year":"2009","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kapranas, A., Collatz, C.J., Michaelakis, M.A., and Milonas, M.P. (2021). The role of Sterile Insect Technique within biologically-based pest control\u2014An appraisal of existing regulatory frameworks. Entomol. Exp. Appl., accepted.","DOI":"10.1111\/eea.13155"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1994.tb00161.x","article-title":"Size variation and reproductive success in the mosquito","volume":"8","author":"Renshaw","year":"1994","journal-title":"Aedes cantans. Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ponlawat, A., and Harrington, L.C. (2007). Age and body size influence male sperm capacity of the Dengue Vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Med. Entomol., 422\u2013426.","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/44.3.422"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-7-65","article-title":"Towards a Sterile Insect Technique field release of Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes in Sudan: Irradiation, transportation, and field cage experimentation","volume":"7","author":"Helinski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1407-9","article-title":"Incompatible and Sterile Insect Techniques combined eliminate mosquitoes","volume":"572","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lees, R.S., Carvalho, D.O., and Bouyer, J. (2020). Potential impact of integrating the Sterile Insect Technique into the fight against dis-ease-transmitting mosquitoes. Sterile Insect Technique, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003035572-33"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balestrino, F., Puggioli, A., Carrieri, M., Bouyer, J., and Bellini, R. (2017). Quality Control Methods for Aedes Albopictus Sterile Male Production. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005881"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1603\/ME09154","article-title":"Dispersal and survival of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) males in Italian urban areas and significance for Sterile Insect Technique application","volume":"47","author":"Bellini","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1603\/ME12048","article-title":"Pilot field trials with Aedes albopictus irradiated sterile males in Italian urban areas","volume":"50","author":"Bellini","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-8-S2-S4","article-title":"Colonisation and mass rearing: Learning from others","volume":"8","author":"Benedict","year":"2009","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0418.2012.01711.x","article-title":"A flight cylinder bioassay as a simple, effective quality control test for Cydia pomonella","volume":"136","author":"Carpenter","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"FAO, IAEA, and USDA (2019). Product Quality Control for Sterile Mass-Reared and Released Tephritid Fruit Flies, International Atomic Energy Agency."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seck, M.T., Pagabeleguem, S., Bassene, M.D., Fall, A.G., Diouf, T.A.R., Sall, B., Vreysen, M.J.B., Rayaiss\u00e9, J.B., Takac, P., and Sidib\u00e9, I. (2015). Quality of sterile male tsetse after long distance transport as chilled, irradiated pupae. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004229"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16179","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34469-6","article-title":"A rapid quality control test to foster the development of genetic control in mosquitoes","volume":"8","author":"Culbert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balatsos, G., Puggioli, A., Karras, V., Lytra, I., Mastronikolos, G., Carrieri, M., Papachristos, D.P., Malfacini, M., Stefopoulou, A., and Ioannou, C.S. (2021). Reduction in egg fertility of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Greece following releases of imported sterile males. Insects, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12020110"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Bellini, R., Calvitti, M., Medici, A., Carrieri, M., Celli, G., and Maini, S. (2007). Use of the Sterile Insect Technique against Aedes albopictus in Italy: First results of a pilot trial. Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests: From Research to Field Implementation, Springer."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101691","article-title":"Practical management plan for invasive mosquito species in Europe: I. Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus)","volume":"35","author":"Bellini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100172","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA120.016557","article-title":"Volatile allosteric antagonists of mosquito odorant receptors inhibit human-host attraction","volume":"296","author":"Kythreoti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ioannou, C.S., Hadjichristodoulou, C., Kyritsi, M.A., and Papadopoulos, N.T. (2021). Short-term selection to Diflubenzuron and Bacillus thuringiensis Var. Israelensis differentially affects the winter survival of Culex pipiens f. pipiens and Culex pipiens f. molestus (Diptera: Culicidae). Insects, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12060527"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12090822","article-title":"Effects of selection to Diflubenzuron and Bacillus thuringiensis Var. Israelensis on the overwintering successes of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"12","author":"Ioannou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1603\/EC10108","article-title":"Studies on Aedes albopictus larval mass-rearing optimization","volume":"104","author":"Medici","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/47.4.581","article-title":"\u03b3 Ray dosimetry and mating capacity studies in the laboratory on Aedes albopictus males","volume":"47","author":"Balestrino","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becker, N., Petric, D., Zgomba, M., Boase, C., Madon, M., Dahl, C., and Kaiser, A. (2010). Mosquitoes and Their Control, Springer Science & Business Media.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-92874-4"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"175","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in mosquito pupae","volume":"11","author":"Moorefield","year":"1951","journal-title":"Mosq. News"},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"374","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism of larvae and pupae of Aedes aegypti (Linn.)","volume":"28","author":"Vargas","year":"1968","journal-title":"Mosq. News"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"302","article-title":"A Method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. 1925","volume":"3","author":"Abbott","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020). Guidance Framework for Testing the Sterile Insect Technique as a Vector Control Tool against Aedes-Borne Diseases, WHO."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"108724","article-title":"Sterile insect technique with accidental releases of sterile females","volume":"343","author":"Dumont","year":"2022","journal-title":"Impact on mosquito-borne diseases control when viruses are circulating. Math. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12740","article-title":"A Comprehensive assessment of inbreeding and laboratory adaptation in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes","volume":"12","author":"Ross","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0719","article-title":"Body size and wing shape measurements as quality indicators of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes destined for field release","volume":"89","author":"Yeap","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/jvec.12244","article-title":"The Effect of inbreeding and larval feeding regime on immature development of Aedes albopictus","volume":"42","author":"Jong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vector Ecol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2013.12016.x","article-title":"Inter-population mating success in Australian Dengue vector mosquitoes: Effects of laboratory colonization and implications for the spread of transgenics","volume":"38","author":"Richardson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vector Ecol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-021-01340-z","article-title":"Quality control of long-term mass-reared Aedes albopictus for population suppression","volume":"94","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pest Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jisesa\/iey103","article-title":"Toward Implementation of Mosquito Sterile Insect Technique: The effect of storage conditions on survival of male Aedes aegypti mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) during transport","volume":"18","author":"Chung","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Insect Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Bellini, R. Safety, regulatory and environmental issues with SIT-based mosquito vector control in European countries, Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz., in press."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Collins, C.M., and Michaelakis, A. Managing stakeholder concerns associated with releases of imported stock in insect control programmes, Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz., in press."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04066-6","article-title":"A Standardised method of marking male mosquitoes with fluorescent dust","volume":"13","author":"Culbert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2020.11.009","article-title":"Mosquito sexual selection and reproductive control programs","volume":"37","author":"Cator","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliva, C.F., Damiens, D., Vreysen, M.J.B., Lemperi\u00e8re, G., and Gilles, J. (2013). Reproductive strategies of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and implications for the Sterile Insect Technique. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078884"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parker, A.G., Vreysen, M.J.B., Bouyer, J., and Calkins, C.O. (2020). Sterile insect quality control\/assurance. Sterile Insect Technique, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003035572-12"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1603\/ME11058","article-title":"Mating Competitiveness of Aedes Albopictus Radio-Sterilized Males in Large Enclosures Exposed to Natural Conditions","volume":"50","author":"Bellini","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa235","article-title":"Field competitiveness of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) irradiated males in pilot Sterile Insect Technique trials in northern Italy","volume":"58","author":"Bellini","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."}],"container-title":["Insects"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4450\/13\/2\/179\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:17:00Z","timestamp":1760134620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4450\/13\/2\/179"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["insects13020179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/insects13020179","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]]}}}