{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T20:21:50Z","timestamp":1772828510658,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["n\u00b0 PRC 016_2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\u00b0 PRC 016_2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the species composition and density of sand flies in the Lombardy region (Northern Italy). Sand flies were collected using CDC traps baited with CO2 (CO2\u2013CDC traps) between June and August 2021. A total of 670 sand flies were collected. The specimens were identified as seven species belonging to two genera, Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia, namely, S. minuta, Ph. perniciosus, Ph. perfiliewii, Ph. neglectus, Ph. mascitti, Ph. papatasi, and Ph. ariasi. Phlebotomus perniciosus was the most abundant species (87.76%), followed by Ph. perfiliewii (7.31%), Ph. neglectus (3.13%), S. minuta (0.75%), Ph. mascitti (0.6%), Ph. papatasi (0.3%), and Ph. ariasi, for which only one specimen was identified. Among these identified species, five are considered vectors of Leishmania, which causes cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. As vector presence increases the risk of vector-borne leishmaniasis, these results suggest that Northern Italy could be a potential area of pathogen circulation over the next few years. These preliminary results suggest that the risk of borne leishmaniasis is high in this region of Northern Italy. Monitoring the distribution of sand fly species in areas suitable for their persistence is important for control programs aimed at reducing the risk of leishmaniasis infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects13050463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T13:06:23Z","timestamp":1652706383000},"page":"463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Distribution of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Lombardy Region, Northern Italy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1898-0997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Defilippo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagnia, Via Bianchi 9, 24124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Carrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagnia, Via Bianchi 9, 24124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5775-6058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Lelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagnia, Via Bianchi 9, 24124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Canziani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagnia, Via Bianchi 9, 24124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8497-9708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagnia, Via Bianchi 9, 24124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0144-1217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrica","family":"Sozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagnia, Via Bianchi 9, 24124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Manarolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Welfare Department, Lombardy Region, Piazza Citt\u00e0 di Lombardia 1, 20124 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Chiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Welfare Department, Lombardy Region, Piazza Citt\u00e0 di Lombardia 1, 20124 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farioli","family":"Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Welfare Department, Lombardy Region, Piazza Citt\u00e0 di Lombardia 1, 20124 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5114-3728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica Pierangela","family":"Cerioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagnia, Via Bianchi 9, 24124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7646-3592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Lavazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagnia, Via Bianchi 9, 24124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moriconi, M., Rugna, G., Calzolari, M., Bellini, R., Albieri, A., Angelini, P., Cagarelli, R., Landini, M.P., Charrel, R.N., and Varani, S. 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