{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:01Z","timestamp":1787028601371,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["141499\/2017-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["141499\/2017-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Insect pests such as Spodoptera frugiperda cause significant losses to maize (Zea mays mays). Control of S. frugiperda is difficult, but the use of insect resistant cultivars, including tolerant cultivars, is a promising alternative, and landraces are a potential source of insect resistance. This study investigated tolerance to S. frugiperda in five Brazilian landraces, Amarel\u00e3o, Aztequinha, Branco Antigo, Palha Roxa, and S\u00e3o Pedro, in relation to one conventional (non-Bt) hybrid, BM207, under field conditions. We assessed tolerance as the ratio of insecticide-free to insecticide-protected plants for plant height, stem diameter, and leaf chlorophyll content at two plant stages. Tolerance ratios varied across the maize genotypes, but inconsistently across plant variables, and cluster analysis revealed three groups based on tolerance ratios. A first group contained genotypes similarly tolerant to S. frugiperda, BM207, Palha Roxa, S\u00e3o Pedro, and Aztequinha, while the second and third groups each contained single genotypes, Amarel\u00e3o, and Branco Antigo, which were considered not tolerant. Overall, the landraces Palha Roxa, S\u00e3o Pedro, and Aztequinha compared favorably to BM207 in terms of tolerance, and therefore may be valuable for management of this pest, and as germplasm sources to improve tolerance in other cultivars.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects13070651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T08:28:25Z","timestamp":1658219305000},"page":"651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Comparative Tolerance Levels of Maize Landraces and a Hybrid to Natural Infestation of Fall Armyworm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6537-0756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andre\u00edsa Fabri","family":"Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Lavras Federal University (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4615-2213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio","family":"Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Gabriela Silva","family":"Ven\u00e2ncio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Lavras Federal University (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno Henrique Sardinha","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Lavras Federal University (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geraldo Andrade","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Lavras Federal University (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arora, R., and Sandhu, S. 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