{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T18:27:26Z","timestamp":1790101646434,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dengue Fever (DF) is an important arthropod-borne viral infection that has repeatedly occurred as outbreaks in eastern and northeastern Ethiopia since 2013. A cross-sectional epidemiological outbreak investigation was carried out from September to November 2019 on febrile patients (confirmed malaria negative) who presented with suspected and confirmed DF at both public and private health facilities in Gewane District, Afar Region, northeastern Ethiopia. Entomological investigation of containers found in randomly selected houses belonging to DF-positive patients was undertaken to survey for the presence of Aedes larvae\/pupae. A total of 1185 DF cases were recorded from six health facilities during the 3-month study period. The mean age of DF cases was 27.2 years, and 42.7% of cases were female. The most affected age group was 15\u201349 years old (78.98%). The total case proportions differed significantly across age groups when compared to the population distribution; there were approximately 15% and 5% higher case proportions among those aged 15\u201349 years and 49+ years, respectively. A total of 162 artificial containers were inspected from 62 houses, with 49.4% found positive for Aedes\u00a0aegypti larva\/pupae. Aedes mosquitoes were most commonly observed breeding in plastic tanks, tires, and plastic or metal buckets\/bowls. World Health Organization entomological indices classified the study site as high risk for dengue virus outbreaks (House Index = 45.2%, Container Index = 49.4%, and Breteau Index = 129). Time series climate data, specifically rainfall, were found to be significantly predictive of AR (p = 0.035). Study findings highlight the importance of vector control to prevent future DF outbreaks in the region. The scarcity of drinking water and microclimatic conditions may have also contributed to the occurrence of this outbreak.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects13111066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T03:29:50Z","timestamp":1668742190000},"page":"1066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Epidemiological, Entomological, and Climatological Investigation of the 2019 Dengue Fever Outbreak in Gewane District, Afar Region, North-East Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1407-6906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wondemeneh","family":"Mekuriaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa 1242, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon","family":"Kinde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa 1242, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9316-317X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bezabih","family":"Kindu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa 1242, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibeyin","family":"Mulualem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa 1242, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girma","family":"Hailu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa 1242, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Araya","family":"Gebresilassie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computational and Natural Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 1000, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chalachw","family":"Sisay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa 1242, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fitsum","family":"Bekele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Meteorological Agency, Addis Ababa P.O. BOX 1090, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiwot","family":"Amare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa 1242, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mesfin","family":"Wossen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa 1242, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adugna","family":"Woyessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa 1242, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8756-5607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chad L.","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louisa A.","family":"Messenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK"},{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"The first acute febrile illness investigation associated with dengue fever in Ethiopia, 2013: A descriptive analysis","volume":"28","author":"Woyessa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ethiop. 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