{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T16:14:54Z","timestamp":1787933694777,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,15]],"date-time":"2023-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"IAEA\/FAO member states to the Insect Pest Control Subprogram"},{"name":"United States of America under the grant to the IAEA entitled Surge expansion for the sterile insect technique"},{"name":"United Kingdom to the IAEA under the Peaceful Uses Initiative"},{"name":"UK funds"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The sterile insect technique (SIT) is based on the inundatory field release of a target pest following their reproductive sterilization via exposure to radiation. Until recently, gamma irradiation from isotopic sources has been the most widely used in SIT programs. As isotopic sources are becoming increasingly expensive, especially for small programs, and regulations surrounding their procurement and shipment increasingly strict, irradiation capacity is one of the limiting factors in smaller or newly developing SIT projects. For this reason, the possibility of using X-ray irradiators has been evaluated in the recent decade. The availability of \u201coff-the-shelf\u201d blood X-ray irradiators that meet the technical requirements for insect irradiation can provide irradiation capacity for those SIT projects in which the acquisition of gamma ray irradiators is not feasible. Following the recent technical characterization of a Raycell MK2 X-ray blood irradiator, it was found in this study, that MK2 instruments were suitable for the sterilization of fruit flies, tsetse flies and mosquitoes, inducing comparable, even slightly higher, sterility levels compared to those achieved by gamma ray irradiation. This, together with its estimated processing efficiency, shows that MK2 irradiators are suitable for small- to mid-sized SIT programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects14010092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T05:30:07Z","timestamp":1673847007000},"page":"92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Suitability of Raycell MK2 Blood X-ray Irradiator for the Use in the Sterile Insect Technique: Dose Response in Fruit Flies, Tsetse Flies and Mosquitoes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hanano","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint FAO\/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, 1400 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6181-8883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e9n\u00e9wend\u00e9 Aristide","family":"Kabor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint FAO\/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, 1400 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorfer Stra\u00dfe 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Insectarium de Bobo-Dioulasso-Campagne d\u2019Eradication de la mouche Ts\u00e9ts\u00e9 et de la Trypanosomose, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 1087, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanwintoum S\u00e9verin","family":"Bimbil\u00e9 Somda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint FAO\/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, 1400 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Formation et de Recherche en Science et Technologie (UFR\/ST), Universit\u00e9 Norbert ZONGO (UNZ), Koudougou BP 376, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nonhlanhla L.","family":"Ntoyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint FAO\/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, 1400 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Vector Reference Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6244-4905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chantel Janet","family":"de Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint FAO\/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, 1400 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my","family":"Bouyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint FAO\/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, 1400 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2302-9602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Caceres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint FAO\/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, 1400 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2375-7244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert L.","family":"Mach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorfer Stra\u00dfe 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeudiel","family":"G\u00f3mez-Simuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Operativo Moscas, IICA-SENASICA Km 19.5, Carretera Tapachula-Ciudad Hidalgo, Metapa de Dominguez 30860, Chiapas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dyck, V.A., Hendrichs, J., and Robinson, A.S. (2021). Sterile Insect Technique: Principles and Practice in Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management, CRC Press. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003035572"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dyck, V.A., Hendrichs, J., and Robinson, A.S. (2021). The Sterile Insect Technique: Principles and Practice in Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003035572"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dyck, V.A., Hendrichs, J., and Robinson, A.S. (2021). The Sterile Insect Technique: Principles and Practice in Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003035572"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vreysen, M.J., Abd-Alla, A.M., Bourtzis, K., Bouyer, J., Caceres, C., de Beer, C., Oliveira Carvalho, D., Maiga, H., Mamai, W., and Nikolouli, K. (2021). The Insect Pest Control Laboratory of the Joint FAO\/IAEA Programme: Ten Years (2010\u20132020) of Research and Development, Achievements and Challenges in Support of the Sterile Insect Technique. Insects, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12040346"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dyck, V.A., Hendrichs, J.P., and Robinson, A.S. (2021). Sterile Insect Technique. Principles and Practice in Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003035572"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2021.109859","article-title":"Characterization and Dose-Mapping of an X-ray Blood Irradiator to Assess Application Potential for the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT)","volume":"176","author":"Parker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Radiat. Isot."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/44.5.725","article-title":"Experiments with Screw-Worm Flies Sterilized by X-rays","volume":"44","author":"Bushland","year":"1951","journal-title":"J.Econ.Entomol."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"101","article-title":"Differential Stage Sensitivity to X-rays in a Bug Physopelta schlanbuschi","volume":"6","author":"Dey","year":"1983","journal-title":"Natl. Acad. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1603\/EC09139","article-title":"A new generation of X ray irradiators for insect sterilization","volume":"103","author":"Mastrangelo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2010.08.011","article-title":"Characterization and Dosimetry of a Practical X-ray Alternative to Self-Shielded Gamma Irradiators","volume":"80","author":"Mehta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiat. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.11.027","article-title":"X-ray Sterilization of the An. Arabiensis Genetic Sexing Strain \u2018ANO IPCL1\u2019 at Pupal and Adult Stages","volume":"131","author":"Ndo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1603\/ME13223","article-title":"X-ray-Induced Sterility in Aedes Albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Male Longevity Following Irradiation","volume":"51","author":"Yamada","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/tov201","article-title":"Effects of x-ray irradiation on male navel orangeworm moths (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on mating, fecundity, fertility, and inherited sterility","volume":"108","author":"Light","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Mehta, K. (2017). Technical Specification for an X-ray System for the Irradiation of Insects for the Sterile Insect Technique and other related technologies, IAEA."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"(2022, November 10). IAEA Dosimetry for SIT: Standard Operating Procedures for Gafchromic\u2122 Film Dosimetry System for Low Energy X Radiation v1.0. Available online: https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/resources\/manual\/dosimetry-for-sit-standard-operating-procedures-for-gafchromictm-film-dosimetry-system-for-low-energy-x-radiation-v10."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dyck, V.A., Hendrichs, J., and Robinson, A.S. (2005). The Sterile Insect Technique: Principles and Practice in Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-4051-2"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zepeda-Cisneros, C.S., Hern\u00e1ndez, J.S.M., Garc\u00e1a-Mart\u00e1nez, V., Iba\u00f1ez-Palacios, J., Zacharopoulou, A., and Franz, G. (2014). Development, Genetic and Cytogenetic Analyses of Genetic Sexing Strains of the Mexican Fruit Fly, Anastrepha Ludens Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). BMC Genet., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-15-S2-S1"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-0493-99.6.1979","article-title":"Comparison of Sexual Compatibility between Laboratory and Wild Mexican Fruit Flies under Laboratory and Field Conditions","volume":"99","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02064","article-title":"Medfly Gut Microbiota and Enhancement of the Sterile Insect Technique: Similarities and Differences of Klebsiella Oxytoca and Enterobacter Sp. AA26 Probiotics during the Larval and Adult Stages of the VIENNA 8D53+ Genetic Sexing Strain","volume":"8","author":"Kyritsis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.2307\/3495135","article-title":"Mass Production of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly at Metapa, Mexico","volume":"68","author":"Schwarz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Fla. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"FAO\/IAEA\/USDA (2003). Manual for Product Quality Control and Shipping Procedures for Sterile Mass-Reared Tephritid Fruit Flies, IAEA."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1570-7458.2012.01305.x","article-title":"Mating Performance of Glossina Palpalis Gambiensis Strains from Burkina Faso, Mali, and Senegal","volume":"146","author":"Mutika","year":"2013","journal-title":"Entomol. Exp. Et Appl."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"(1992, January 19\u201323). Rearing Tsetse Flies for Use in Sterile Insect Technique Vector Control Programmes. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Mangement of Insect pests: Nuclear Related Molecular and Genetic Techniques, Vienna, Austria."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"(2022, February 07). FAO\/IAEA Standard Operating Procedures for Mass-Rearing Tsetse Flies, Draft Version. Available online: https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/sites\/default\/files\/21\/06\/nafa-ipc-manual-tsetse_rearing_sop_web.pdf."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"FAO\/IAEA (2022, September 02). Guidelines for Routine Colony Maintenance of Aedes Mosquito Species\u2014Version 1.0. Available online: https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/resources\/manual\/guidelines-for-routine-colony-maintenance-of-aedes-mosquito-species-version-10."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"FAO\/IAEA (2022, September 02). Guidelines for Standardised Mass Rearing of Anopheles Mosquitoes\u2014Version 1.0. Available online: https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/resources\/manual\/guidelines-for-standardised-mass-rearing-of-anopheles-mosquitoes-version-10."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/17.6.567","article-title":"An Improved Separator for the Developmental Stages, Sexes, and Species of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"17","author":"Focks","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"FAO\/IAEA (2023, January 14). Guidelines for Irradiation of Mosquito Pupae in Sterile Insect Technique Programmes-version 1.0. Available online: https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-guidelines-for-irradiation.pdf."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.19182\/remvt.8083","article-title":"Essais de Determination de La Dose Optimale d\u2019irradiation Des Males de Glossina Palpalis Gambiensis (Vanderplank, 1949) En Vue de La Lutte Biologique Par Lachers de Males Steriles Dans La Region de Bobo Dioulasso (Haute Volta)","volume":"30","author":"Taze","year":"1977","journal-title":"Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ilboudo, K., Camara, K., Salou, E.W., and Gimonneau, G. (2022). Quality Control and Mating Performance of Irradiated Glossina Palpalis Gambiensis Males. Insects, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects13050476"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Beer, C.J., Moyaba, P., Boikanyo, S.N.B., Majatladi, D., Yamada, H., Venter, G.J., and Vreysen, M.J.B. (2017). Evaluation of Radiation Sensitivity and Mating Performance of Glossina Brevipalpis Males. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005473"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-708X(78)90117-5","article-title":"Effect of Gamma Radiation on the Tsetse Fly Glossina Palpalis Palpalis (Rob.-Desv.) (Diptera:Glossinidae) with Observations on the Reproductive Biology","volume":"29","author":"Taher","year":"1978","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-5-41","article-title":"Radiation-Induced Sterility for Pupal and Adult Stages of the Malaria Mosquito Anopheles arabiensis","volume":"5","author":"Helinski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04069-3","article-title":"The Role of Oxygen Depletion and Subsequent Radioprotective Effects during Irradiation of Mosquito Pupae in Water","volume":"13","author":"Yamada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856780","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.856780","article-title":"Effects of Chilling and Anoxia on the Irradiation Dose-Response in Adult Aedes Mosquitoes","volume":"10","author":"Yamada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3698-y","article-title":"Identification of Critical Factors That Significantly Affect the Dose-Response in Mosquitoes Irradiated as Pupae","volume":"12","author":"Yamada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233717733599","article-title":"Evaluation of Gamma Radiation-Induced DNA Damage in Aedes aegypti Using the Comet Assay","volume":"33","author":"Shetty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0869-3","article-title":"Long Distance Transport of Irradiated Male Glossina Palpalis Gambiensis Pupae and Its Impact on Sterile Male Yield","volume":"8","author":"Pagabeleguem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Feldmann, U., Luger, D., Barnor, H., Dengwat, L., Ajagbonna, B., Vreysen, M.J.B., and Van der Vloedt, A.M.V. (1992). Tsetse Control, Diagnosis and Chemotherapy Using Nuclear Techniques, Proceedings of the Seminar, Jointly Organized by the IAEA and Fao, Muguga, Kenya, 11\u201315 February 1991, IAEA. IAEA-TECDOC-634."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seck, M.T., Pagabeleguem, S., Bassene, M.D., Fall, A.G., Diouf, T.A.R., Sall, B., Vreysen, M.J.B., Rayaiss\u00e9, J.B., Takac, P., and Sidib\u00e9, I. (2015). Quality of Sterile Male Tsetse after Long Distance Transport as Chilled, Irradiated Pupae. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004229"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-0493-93.1.123","article-title":"Glossina Austeni (Diptera: Glossinidae) Eradicated on the Island of Unguja, Zanzibar, Using the Sterile Insect Technique","volume":"93","author":"Vreysen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/eea.12610","article-title":"Optimised Conditions for Handling and Transport of Male Anopheles arabiensis: Effects of Low Temperature, Compaction, and Ventilation on Male Quality","volume":"164","author":"Culbert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Entomol. Exp. Appl."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Culbert, N.J., and Gilles, J.R.L. (2019). Investigating the Impact of Chilling Temperature on Male Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Survival. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221822"},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"(2007). IAEA Denial of Shipment. NS Update, 5, 1\u20132. Available online: https:\/\/www-pub.iaea.org\/MTCD\/Publications\/PDF\/Newsletters\/NSU-05.pdf."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"(2010). IAEA Denial of Shipment of Radioactive Material. NS Update, 14, 2\u20134. Available online: https:\/\/www-pub.iaea.org\/MTCD\/Publications\/PDF\/Newsletters\/NSU-14.pdf."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"72","article-title":"Denial of Shipment of Radioactive Material","volume":"22","author":"Gray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Packag. Transp. Storage Secur. Radioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"De Wright, T., Gray, P., Sobriera, A., Xavier, C., and Schwela, U. (2011, January 17\u201321). Delay and Denial of Shipment. Proceedings of the International Conference on the Safe and Secure Transport of Radioactive Material: The Next Fifty Years, Vienna, Austria. IAEA-TECDOC-CD-1792."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Reiche, I. (2023, January 03). Technical Meeting (Virtual): Denial of Shipment\u2014Issues and Solutions, Chairman\u2019s Report of Federal Office for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Management (BASE), 23\u201326 March 2021. Available online: https:\/\/na.eventscloud.com\/file_uploads\/cf7798600527b2268b3c17ecd27a28ab_TecnicalMeetingEVT1907111DenialofShipment-Chairmansreport.pdf."}],"container-title":["Insects"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4450\/14\/1\/92\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:06:34Z","timestamp":1760119594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4450\/14\/1\/92"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,15]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["insects14010092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/insects14010092","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,15]]}}}