{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T03:35:36Z","timestamp":1771558536623,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Rutgers Center for Turfgrass Science"},{"name":"United States Golf Association"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The annual bluegrass weevil (ABW), Listronotus maculicollis (Kirby), a significant pest of short-mown turfgrass in eastern North America, has developed widespread insecticide resistance because of excessive synthetic insecticide use. The proper monitoring of this pest may reduce insecticide applications in time and space. This study evaluated three sampling methods (soap flushing, vacuuming, and mowing) in golf course greens and fairways for monitoring adult ABW. Soap flushing was the most efficient method, especially with an 0.8% solution in two portions of 500 mL, extracting over 75% of the adults, and the extraction efficiency was not affected by the temperature or time of day. Vacuuming was more effective for recovering adult ABWs on greens (4\u201329% extracted) than on fairways (2\u20134%) but was not affected by the time of day. The extraction of adult ABWs in mower clippings was significantly affected by mowing height (higher recovery from greens versus fairways), and the efficiency decreased with the temperature. Adding a brush to the mower increased adult removal (from 15% to 24%) in greens at higher temperatures (18\u201325 \u00b0C); 70% of adults recovered in the clippings were unharmed. Overall, our findings suggest that soap flushing should be the preferred method for monitoring adult ABWs, and vacuuming might be a viable alternative for greens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects14060509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T02:39:47Z","timestamp":1685587187000},"page":"509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Optimizing Sampling Technique Parameters for Increased Precision and Practicality in Annual Bluegrass Weevil Population Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ana Luiza Viana","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, 96 Lipman Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga S.","family":"Kostromytska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, 96 Lipman Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaohui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, 96 Lipman Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9212-8359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albrecht M.","family":"Koppenh\u00f6fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, 96 Lipman Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vittum, P.J. (2020). Turfgrass Insects of the United States and Canada, Cornell University Press.","DOI":"10.7591\/cornell\/9781501747953.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1570-7458.2007.00621.x","article-title":"Overwintering of annual bluegrass weevils, Listronotus maculicollis, in the golf course landscape","volume":"125","author":"Diaz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Entomol. Exp. Appl."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biology and control of turfgrass weevil, a species of Hyperodes","volume":"Volume 3","author":"Cameron","year":"1971","journal-title":"Cornell Extension Bulletin"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jipm\/pmw014","article-title":"A survey of regional trends in annual bluegrass weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) management on golf courses in Eastern North America","volume":"8","author":"McGraw","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Integr. 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Methods in Molecular Biology"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/icad.12185","article-title":"Suction samplers for grassland invertebrates: Comparison of numbers caught using Vortis\u2122 and G-vac devices","volume":"9","author":"Zentane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Insect Conserv. Divers."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Rothwell, N.L. (2003). Investigation into Listronotus maculicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a Pest of Highly Maintained Turfgrass. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Massachusetts]."}],"container-title":["Insects"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4450\/14\/6\/509\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:46:17Z","timestamp":1760125577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4450\/14\/6\/509"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["insects14060509"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/insects14060509","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]}}}