{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:39:01Z","timestamp":1791394741499,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31570388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31570388"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32071490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32071490"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G2022172013L"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2022172013L"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2452019174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2452019174"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Foreign Expert Introduction Project","award":["31570388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31570388"]}]},{"name":"Foreign Expert Introduction Project","award":["32071490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32071490"]}]},{"name":"Foreign Expert Introduction Project","award":["G2022172013L"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2022172013L"]}]},{"name":"Foreign Expert Introduction Project","award":["2452019174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2452019174"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["31570388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31570388"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["32071490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32071490"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["G2022172013L"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2022172013L"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["2452019174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2452019174"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Dufour\u2019s and venom glands are the most developed glands connected to the female reproductive organs, playing important roles in defense, foraging, information exchange, and reproduction in ants. The main chemical secretions of these glands vary among species and even among castes of the same species. In this study, we analyzed the chemical components of the Dufour\u2019s and venom glands in different castes of Camponotus japonicus (original worker, minor worker, major worker, gyne, and queen) using gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) with two sample processing methods (hexane solution and solid-phase microextraction). The secretion of the Dufour\u2019s gland is characterized by a high ratio of alkanes, with n-undecane being the dominant secretion in all castes except the original workers. The venom gland\u2019s secretion mainly includes alkanes, acids, ketones, and alcohols, with formic acid and n-undecane being the dominant components. Additionally, the chemical composition and proportion of the main components vary significantly among castes, which may be closely related to the division of labor in their social life. This study provides basic information to further understand the function of these two glands in the social life of ants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects14070664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T01:32:10Z","timestamp":1690248730000},"page":"664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Chemical Components of Dufour\u2019s and Venom Glands in Camponotus japonicus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Management of Forest Bio-Disaster, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengqin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Management of Forest Bio-Disaster, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingxiao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Management of Forest Bio-Disaster, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruoqing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Management of Forest Bio-Disaster, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8267-3855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Management of Forest Bio-Disaster, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00f6lldobler, B., and Wilson, E.O. 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