{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:14:44Z","timestamp":1788869684800,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ExGenMal Institute Pasteur","award":["41\u20132017; PI: BC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41\u20132017; PI: BC"]}]},{"name":"SAPIENZA University","award":["41\u20132017; PI: BC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41\u20132017; PI: BC"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malaria is still a leading cause mortality in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire despite extensive LLINs coverage. We present the results of an entomological survey conducted in a coastal and in an inland village with the aim to estimate Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) female\u2019s abundance indoor\/outdoor and Plasmodium falciparum infection rate and analyze the occurrence of blood-feeding in relation to LLINs use. Pyrethrum spray (PSC) and window exit traps (WT) collections were carried out to target endophagic\/endophilic and endophagic\/exophilic females, respectively. Data on LLINs use in sampled houses were collected. (1) high levels of malaria transmission despite LLINs coverage &gt;70% (~1 An. gambiae s.l. predicted mean\/person\/night and ~5% Plasmodium falciparum infection rate); (2) 46% of females in the PSC sample were blood-fed, suggesting that they fed on an unprotected host inside the house; (3) 81% of females in WT were unfed, suggesting that they were leaving the house to find an available host. Model estimates that if everyone sleeps under LLINs the probability for a mosquito to bite decreases of 48% and 95% in the coastal and inland village, respectively. The results show a high proportion of mosquito biting and resting indoors despite extensive LLINs. The biological\/epidemiological determinants of accounting for these results merit deeper investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects14090758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T21:41:12Z","timestamp":1694554872000},"page":"758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A High Proportion of Malaria Vector Biting and Resting Indoors despite Extensive LLIN Coverage in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Naminata","family":"Tondossama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Entomology and Herpetology Unit, Institut Pasteur de C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Abidjan 01 PB 490, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie et Sant\u00e9, UFR Biosciences, Universit\u00e9 F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt Boigny Cocody, Abidjan 01 BP V34, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Virgillito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, University of Rome \u2018Sapienza\u2019, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zanakoungo Ibrahima","family":"Coulibaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Entomology and Herpetology Unit, Institut Pasteur de C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Abidjan 01 PB 490, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7553-3704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verena","family":"Pichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, University of Rome \u2018Sapienza\u2019, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4244-4545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahima","family":"Dia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le de Zoologie M\u00e9dicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7054-0027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"della Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, University of Rome \u2018Sapienza\u2019, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre Offianan","family":"Tour\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Paludologie, Institut Pasteur de C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Abidjan 01 PB 490, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akr\u00e9 Maurice","family":"Adja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie et Sant\u00e9, UFR Biosciences, Universit\u00e9 F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt Boigny Cocody, Abidjan 01 BP V34, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"},{"name":"Institut Pierre Richet, Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Bouak\u00e9 01 BP 1500, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beniamino","family":"Caputo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, University of Rome \u2018Sapienza\u2019, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, June 05). 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