{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T12:13:54Z","timestamp":1792844034467,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["874850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874850"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Crimean\u2013Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is considered to be spreading across the globe, with many countries reporting new human CCHF cases in recent decades including Georgia, T\u00fcrkiye, Albania, and, most recently, Spain. We update a human CCHF distribution map produced in 2015 to include global disease occurrence records to June 2022, and we include the recent records for Europe. The predicted distributions are based on long-established spatial modelling methods and are extended to include all European countries and the surrounding areas. The map produced shows the environmental suitability for the disease, taking into account the distribution of the most important known and potential tick vectors Hyalomma marginatum and Hyalomma lusitanicum, without which the disease cannot occur. This limits the disease\u2019s predicted distribution to the Iberian Peninsula, the Mediterranean seaboard, along with T\u00fcrkiye and the Caucasus, with a more patchy suitability predicted for inland Greece, the southern Balkans, and extending north to north-west France and central Europe. These updated CCHF maps can be used to identify the areas with the highest probability of disease and to therefore target areas where mitigation measures should currently be focused.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects14090771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T23:57:46Z","timestamp":1694995066000},"page":"771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The Spatial Distribution of Crimean\u2013Congo Haemorrhagic Fever and Its Potential Vectors in Europe and Beyond"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jane Paula","family":"Messina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, S. Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3QY, UK"},{"name":"Oxford School of Global and Area Studies, University of Oxford, 13 Bevington Rd., Oxford OX2 6LH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0916-0847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. R. William","family":"Wint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Rd., Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/15.4.307","article-title":"The epidemiology of tick-borne Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Asia, Europe, and Africa","volume":"15","author":"Hoogstraal","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Med. 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